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result of two breaks; a great paleontological break in time, 
and yet another break in space, a great dislocation and loss of 
strata by denudation, coinciding with it. Hence the keen 
interest attaching to this quarry. Here was an exhibition 
of the dynamics of geology of a very complicated character, 
for looking at May Hill, a little short of 1000 feet high, they 
had to find the chief element of that momentum which had 
resulted in faults, displacement, and contortions. The mass of 
the hill once consisted of the present core of Crystalline schists, 
together with the enormous mass of removed Llandovery and 
overlying beds, of which the flanking beds only remain in 
testimony of the entire anti-clinal, whilst the upward thrust of 
subterranean force and of shrinking, had their origin and source 
in the appellation, now out of date, of Caloric—formerly 
regarded as an imponderable body, but now recognized as heat, 
an agency or mode of energy spending itself in molecular force, 
producing altered rocks; again, as stored up and opposing itself 
to gravitation—producing, in the crust of our planet, strains 
and stresses folding, and thrusts in the strata, as on the North 
East of May Hill, coincident with those of the Malvern range. 
The mass that caused the results before them must have been 
the present beds of the Hill, as mapped in section (produced) 
and the direction of the flanking beds of the Ludlow and the 
Wenlock formations, brought together in dome-like arches from 
opposite directions. Most of these deposits had been denuded, 
but before the erosion and removal of the capping beds of May 
Hill what a mighty mass of rock this must have been, contri- 
buting as it did, with the existing core of rock and its flanking 
beds, to make a factor in the momentum of the dynamic force 
exemplified in this quarry. Some beds were bent round, and 
some raised vertically, and the concave surfaces facing the axis 
of the line of disturbance of the hill. Here and at Malvern 
the Upper and Lower Llandovery Sandstone rock was commonly 
known as the Pentamerus Sandstone. An examination by Mr 
Billings, an American Palzontologist, led to the discovery of 
a peculiar structural difference in certain of the species of 
this Silurian brachiopod. Some of the shells were now, in 
i 8 a 
