344, 
Chinese male with a common goose, female, and from these several 
goslings were hatched. A pair of these hybrids, out of the 
same nest, raised some young in 1878 and 1879. Half-bred 
males were crossed with females of the common goose and also 
with those of the Chinese species. One-quarter Chinese female 
was likewise paired with a male three-quarters of the common 
goose. Also, males with females of both common and the 
Chinese forms. The Earl of Derby, in 1840, remarked that on 
the “Great Water” in his park a barnicle had paired with a 
white-fronted goose, and that they had made a nest in which 
were nine or ten eggs, but it was not known which was the 
male parent. (P.Z.S., 1840, p. 33.) 
In November, 1859, Mr Elliot, of New York, exhibited at 
the Zoological Society of London what were considered crosses 
between a wild duck, Anas boschas, and pintail, Dafila acuta ; 
also between the wild duck and the Muscovy, Cairina moschata ; 
and a third between the American scaup, Fuligula affinis, or else 
the collared duck, F’. collaris, and the pochard, F'. Americana 
(p. 437). While M. de Salys-Longchamps, in 1856, enumerated 
44 different crosses among ducks which had occurred between 
various members of the family, most in domesticated, but some in 
a wild state, Professor Newton produced before the Zoological 
Society (P.Z.S., 1860, p. 338) a pair of birds, male and female, 
the produce of the pintail duck and farm-yard duck, which he 
had received in the winter of 1855-56. Here were other ducks, 
but over all, the hybrid drake reigned supreme, and he kept all 
the rest at a distance from his hybrid mate, which made her nest 
in August, and hatched four ducklings, two male and two 
female. But in the second generation he considered they 
became infertile. In 1861 he exhibited a male hybrid, bred 
between a male wigeon, Mareca penelope, and a female which 
was a cross between the common wild duck and the farm-yard 
duck (P.Z.S., 1861, p. 892). 
Mr Sclater (P.Z.S., 1859, p. 442) remarked, after describing 
a hybrid raised between a male common shieldrake, Tadorna 
vulpanser, and a female white-fronted shieldrake or mountain 
goose of Southern Africa, Casarea cana, which hatched and 
