350 
' herring, Clupea harengus, and the pilchard, C. pilehardus, having 
the scaling of the former, or that of the herring, on the left 
side, and that of the pilchard on the right. These fish are not 
uncommon off the Cornish coast. 
But it is among the carps that probably the most hybrids, 
bred in a wild state, have been observed. Hessel stated that he 
placed a female of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, with a 
male crucian carp, Carassius vulgaris, also a female crucian carp 
with a male of the common carp, and a female Cyprinus kollarit 
(a cross between the common and crucian carps) with a male of 
the common carp. In the two first instances the young became 
identical with C. kollari, some approaching more towards one 
parent and some towards the other, while in the last experi- 
ment the offspring was with difficulty to be distinguished from 
the genuine carp. The roach has been observed interbreeding 
with rudd, and also with the chub. 
‘Mr G. Berney, writing from Morton Hall, Norfolk, on April 
28th, 1883, to the committee of the Great International 
Fisheries Exhibition, remarked as follows: ‘‘ Baron Clock 
informed me that he had a few fish, a cross between the golden 
tench, Tinca vulgaris, var. auratus, and the common carp, 
Cyprinus carpio. He clearly did not wish to give me any of 
them, and I had no desire to introduce a mongrel fish.” 
Pennant, in the last century, alluded to hybrids between the 
carp and tench, and also to having heard of some between the 
carp and the bream. They have also been observed between 
the roach, Leuciscus rutilus, and the bream, Abramis brama : 
between the rudd, L. erythrophthalmus, and the bream: and 
between the chub, L. cephalus, and the bleak, Alburnus lucidus ; 
while Pritchard remarked that ‘“ Defay mentioned a hybrid 
between a barbel, Barbus, and a carp, Carpio”’. 
The family of Salmonide, however, afford us the most con- 
clusive evidence of hybridization among fishes, as owing to its 
being extensively cultivated, and the offspring raised by 
artificial fertilization, opportunities for trying experiments have 
occurred, and of which fish culturists have largely availed 
themselves. But that these fish likewise occasionally give rise 
to hybrids when in a wild state I shall also be able to show. 
