54 
whole Cotteswold range had ceased to be dry land at the time 
the Clays and N. D. passed over it. 
Let us now turn our attention from the hills to the low 
ground of the valleys, where we shall see the same Boulder-clay 
we have been considering on the top of the Cotteswolds; also 
another Clay of very different character, formed at a later period 
by the action of land ice, out of the beds of the Lias of the 
district, and further undoubted evidence of ice action, as shewn 
in the planed-off surfaces of various formations upon which 
gravel and clay repose. 
The Silica Clay of the Cotteswolds occurs in a gravel-pit at 
Todenham, near the Church, close to a small plantation on 
entering the village from Mitford bridge, of which the following 
is a section :— 
° fo) ° ° ° e Soil with N.D. 
= 
4ft. 
Boulder-clay with N. D. 
28 
3 Ps ‘i | Sandy Clay 
43 Fine Oolite Gravel 
Ment Bee Olesen OL nO | en © | “and Clay 
(eo) Oo .e) ° fe} 1} .e) eo} fe} 
° ce) 
2 Sf 2 2 2 2 aha meee, 
£ olite wit 
5 «| 0 Kg “ = “ © 2 2 Lias Gryphites 
fe} Oo 12} ° Oo ° ° ie} 
Oo O° Oo ° ° ° Oo oO ° 
Now in No. 2 there is a twisted layer of Boulder-clay varying 
from six inches to three feet in thickness, with large and small 
pebbles of N. D., and which I submitted to Professor CHURCH, 
who wrote to me: “I see it contains silicious bodies well worn, 
including a fine quartzite lump, which I send you.” 
At Paxford, not far from Todenham, in a field which was 
being drained, I found fully four feet of Boulder-clay, with 
Flints, Quartzose Pebbles, Greenstone, Millstone Grit, Lias, and 
Syenite of the Charnwood type. 
