57 
(Page 79, Hempstead.) In the summer of 1870, the Rev. 
Samurt Lysons had a large reservoir made for some new water- 
works ata distance of about 200 yards from the section at the 
churchyard. Mr, Wri11aMs, the Engineer, informed me that, 
in making the preliminary boring the instrument used passed 
through clay to the depth of fourteen feet which induced him 
to believe the ground around was of like nature. However, in 
proceeding with the work he found what he had bored through 
was a pillar of clay, of a conical form, about four feet wide at 
the top, and ten feet at the base, surrounded by sand and eravel, 
much intermixed in places, folded over with seams of clay. 
The base rested on an eroded uneven clay. Mr. Wriiams said 
in all the works in which he had been engaged he had never seen 
such a peculiar condition of earth as this excavation presented. 
When I visited the works they were nearly completed, but I 
observed the clay, gravel, and sand were much contorted, 
apparently by some powerful lateral pressure, and the only 
agent that I am aware of, capable of producing such an effect 
is ice. 
Among a considerable heap of N. D. pebbles I picked up a 
large block of Millstone grit, and tracing the cutting in a 
Southerly direction towards Elmore, underneath the surface 
soil was Boulder-clay with N. D. pebbles studded in it, and I 
found a piece of Felstone. The foundations for some cottages 
were being excavated near to the reservoir exhibiting a thick- 
ness of several feet of the Quartzose Sand, similar to the section 
in the Churchyard, and shewing how ereat is the change of 
soil within a few yards. The Sand is from the New Red 
Sandstone beds. 
Since I made the section at Limbury, which is the finest in 
the district shewing Glacial Drift, the pit has been extensively 
worked for gravel, to form a new road, and shews a greater 
depth than when I first examined it, being now fully eight feet. 
Some of the Silurian transported blocks were remarkable in 
shape having a slab-like appearance resembling an elongated 
brick with a flat surface, and not more than an inch thick, 
apparently more water-worn than would be caused by a slow 
