116 PROCEEDINGS COTTESWOLD CLUB 1903 
frost, at the time when the water consolidated around the 
fragments. They were then transported and dropped into 
their present positions, without running water having any 
chance to wear them. The cold, though perhaps 
periodical, must have been great, the consequent consoli- 
dation considerable, the debris at the sides of the river, 
and in the shallow parts must have all been cemented 
into solid blocks by ice. 
Since this paper was first written, I have visited the 
district again in company with Dr C. Callaway, F.G.S., 
and Mr L. Richardson, F.G.S. To the north-east of 
Moreton, in the neighbourhood of Little Woolford, up the 
valley side on the right bank of, and over-looking a tribu- 
tary of the Stour, we found a disused gravel pit. Now 
this material could not have been deposited in this position 
on the hillside if the valley of the Stour had been scooped 
out; but it is on a level with the northward extension of 
the Evenlode valley-floor, and could have been deposited 
on that valley-floor when it was an unbroken surface across 
and above what is now the valley of the Stour. There- 
fore, the time of the deposition of the gravel, is earlier 
than the formation of the Stour valley. The Stour has 
worked back in, and trenched the old valley-floor of the 
Evenlode; and the height that the gravel deposit is now 
above the bottom of the Stour valley gives a relative 
measure of the time which has elapsed since the gravel 
was deposited. It makes the gravel certainly earlier than 
the Quarternary Glacial Period; because the amount of 
valley excavation, performed by a small tributary of the 
Stour since the gravel was deposited, is too much to have 
been accomplished in that time. Moreover, gravels of 
undoubted Quarternary Age occupy a much lower position, 
nearly 200 feet lower, in the valley bottoms of rivers. 
Again, the gravel is certainly older than the low-lying 
gravels in the valleys of the Warwickshire Avon and 
Severn, gravels which contain similar materials. But, 
