NOTES ON THE GEOLOGY AND 

 GLACIATION OF NORWAY 



BY 

 CHARLES UPTON 



One of the first things which strikes a stranger with 

 geological instincts on first visiting Norway, is the almost 

 entire absence of plains and gently undulating country 

 such as we are accustomed to see in England. There are 

 no Secondary Rocks such as give rise to our rolHng chalk 

 downs, our rounded Cotteswolds, or our level stretches 

 of country occupied by clays of the Lias and Trias. 



Metamorphic Rocks— Gneiss, Mica-schist and the like 

 — occupy the greater part of the country, and these (as is 

 usually the case) are very much dislocated and contorted. 

 The pressure to which the Rocks have been subjected 

 has been so extreme that the included " eyes " have in 

 many cases been drawn out into mere threads and laminae. 



As one steams along the coast from South to North, 

 one sees nothing but an almost continuous succession of 

 rugged cliffs, sometimes of stupendous height, as in the 

 case of Hornelen, a sheer cliff of about 3000 feet in height, 

 rising straight up from the water's edge. 



From Stavanger northwards to about the Nordfjord, 

 the rocks have the massive rounded appearance of granite : 

 they are, however, a very highly metamorphosed Gneiss, 

 as a rule of no very great elevation. From thence right 



