PROCEEDINGS OF THE COTTESWOLD CLUB 223 



much the river cuts it baci<, it still, on account of the dip, 

 tends to retain a chff-hkc face. The extreme difference 

 in unequally sloping sides of a valley is produced when 

 the river runs at right angles to the dip, but obviously 

 the difference lessens as the river takes more and more of 

 a course in the direction of the dip. If the equal-sided 

 valley be represented by V, and the extreme unequal- 

 sided by L, all the gradiations between V and L may 

 be obtained as the river takes intermediate courses in 

 regard to the dip of the strata-courses between that with 

 the dip and that at right angles thereto. So all the vary- 

 ing features in the sloping sides of our valleys, and the 

 scenery thereby produced will be found to have connec- 

 tion with the direction of rivers in relation to the dip of 

 strata they cut through ; and the depth of the valleys has 

 relation to the rapidity of the fall of the stream, among 

 other factors. 



And speaking of valleys, the opportunity may be taken 

 to point out that our district shows three kinds — 1st, 

 those w^hich a stream is now engaged in excavating ; 2nd, 

 those which a stream has excavated, but where there is 

 no stream now ; 3rd, those which may be called duplicate 

 valleys, like the Chelt valley and the Winchcombe valley. 

 Their upper portions have been cut out by a stream flow- 

 ing in one direction. When this stream was tapped they 

 became dry valleys, then their lower part has been cut 

 again by a stream flowing in the opposite direction. So 

 they are really composed of one valley beneath another 

 valley. 



Again, these types of valleys might be subdivided 

 according to the general directions of the excavating 

 streams in regard to the dip of the strata. 



We passed on to Mortimer's Cross, famous in the 

 Wars of the Roses. As it was about 50 miles from our 

 starting place, we were more interested in tea, and we 



