PROCEEDINGS OF THE COTTESWOLD CLUB 241 



problem lo be solved was the origin of the parallel 

 structure which they so frequently display. Were the 

 older geologists right in concluding that the gneisses and 

 schists were once sedimentary strata, mere beds of clay 

 and sand, which, under the influence of heat and pressure, 

 had been transformed into the likeness of bedded granites 

 and diorites ? 



In the year 1884, while studying the crystalline rocks 

 of Donegal, I was struck with the fact that in one locality 

 the massive granite of that region was distinctly foliated 

 and bedded, as if it had been formed in layers ; yet within 

 a few yards of this foliation, the granite sent out veins 

 into adjacent rocks. It was therefore evident that an 

 apparent bedding was no proof of an original sedimentary 

 condition. "* 



In the following year,t 1 found a similar phenomenon 

 in County Galway. In addition, I ascertained that differ- 

 ent kinds of igneous rocks, intruded into each other 

 and, subjected to pressure, assumed a banded appearance. 

 The different bands were therefore merely compressed 

 veins, and not igneous sediments. 



These studies led me to undertake an investigation of 

 the Malvern crystallines, which I commenced in 1886, and 

 continued for five years. The results were embodied in 

 a series of three papers to the Geological Society of 

 London, :|l the last of which appeared in the Journal for 

 1893. I propose in the present paper to sketch, in un- 

 technical form, the chief conclusions to which I have 

 been led. 



All the crystalline rocks of the xMalvern chain, excepting 

 the volcanic mass at the Herefordshire Beacon, are in 



* Q.uart. Jouiii., Gcol. Soc, May, 18S5, p. 228. 



t Ibid., Aug., 1887, p. 517. 



X Ibid., 1887, p. 525; 1889, p. 475; 1893, p. 398. 



