104 PROC. COTTESWOLD CLUB vol. xili. (2) 



of sweets, will hug and kiss. These actions, however, 

 have become expressive of pleasure because they were 

 originally employed in connexion with the sexual embrace. 



To consider the expressions of pleasure shown in the 

 Photographs. The opening of the mouth, a slight parting 

 of the lips to expose the teeth — or sometimes with babies 

 the place where the teeth should be, though the teeth 

 themselves have not yet cut the gum — shown to a small 

 extent in fig. 5, more distinctly in figs. 7, 8, 9, is obviously 

 an expression of pleasure from the food idea. A holding 

 of the body, particularly a rubbing or patting of the 

 abdomen, shown to a certain extent in fig. 9, is again 

 an action from the food idea. So conventionalized as a 

 pleasure token has this become, that it is with savages an 

 expression of dehght at what they cannot eat — thus some 

 African natives rubbed their stomachs to express the 

 pleasure which the sight of beads, bracelets, etc., gave 

 them. 



The partial closing of the eyes as a pleasure symptom, 

 shown very distinctly in figs. 7, 8, 9, is difficult of ex- 

 planation, unless it be connected with a kind of contrac- 

 tion of the face-muscles, for the purpose of enlarging 

 and inflaming the visage as an act of courtship to excite 

 the admiration of the mate. 



The ridging of the nose, and of the cheeks on each side 

 of it, as a pleasure symptom, is very common with chil- 

 dren, and also in adults. It is well shown in fig. 8 ; it 

 may be seen also in fig. 9. And running up from the nose 

 on each side somewhat obliquely towards the eyes are 

 little ridges and furrows of flesh — the photographs do not 

 bring this character out, but it may be observed frequently 

 in children when pleased, and in adults sometimes the 

 furrows have become permanent. This ridging of the 

 face in this manner is undoubtedly of sexual origin, and 

 has reference to practices indulged in by pre-human 



