l899 S. S. BUCKMAN — HUMAN BABIES IO9 



fossil in the Miocene. Their nearest representatives, 

 among the present-day species of Tail-Monkeys, are pro- 

 bably the Slim-apes {Seniiiopithecus)'' 



"As the twenty-third stage of our genealogical tree we 

 can place in order, after these Tail-Monkeys, the Tail-less 

 Man-like Apes (Anthropoids) under which name, as we 

 now know, are brought together the highest developed of 

 the living Catarrhines — those which are nearest allied to 

 Man. They developed from the Tailed Catarrhines by loss 

 of the tail, by partial loss of the hairy coat, and by the 

 greater improvement of the brain, which is indicated by the 

 greater elaboration of the frontal portion of the skull [the 

 greater development of the forehead]. At the present 

 day there are but four species of this remarkable family in 

 existence ; and they form two distinct groups — an African 

 and an Asiatic. The African ManHke Apes are confined 

 to the western portion of tropical Africa ; possibly, how- 

 ever, yet more species have spread into Central Africa. 

 We only know two species with exactitude : the Gorilla 

 (^Pongo gorilla, or Gorilla gina) the largest of all Apes : 

 and the little Chimpanzee (^Pongo troglodytes, or Troglo- 

 dytes niger) which at present often lives in our Zoological 

 Gardens. Both the African Man-like Apes are black in 

 colour, and are long-headed (dolichocephahc) like their 

 countrymen, the negroes. On the other hand, the Asiatic 

 Man-like Apes are mostly brown, or yellow brown, in 

 colour, and short-headed (brachycephalic) hke their coun- 

 trymen, the Malays and the Mongolians. The largest 

 Asiatic Man-like Ape is the well-known Orang, or Orang- 

 utan, which dwells in the Sunda Islands (Borneo, 

 Sumatra, etc.) and is brown in colour. It is now possible 

 to separate two species : the small Orang iSatyrus morio) 

 and the large Orang {Satyi'iis orang). One genus of 

 small Anthropoids, the Gibbon (^Hylobates) lives on the 

 Continent of Southern Asia, and in the Sunda Islands : of 



