I TO PROC. COTTESWOLD CLUB VOL. Xlll. (2) 



this genus 4 to 8 different species are separable. None of 

 these living Anthropoids can be pointed out as the most 

 absolutely man-like Ape. The Gorilla stands nearest to 

 Man in the shape of its hand and foot ; the Chimpanzee in 

 important characters of the skull ; the Orang in brain- 

 development ; and the Gibbon in the development of the 

 breast cavity. Obviously not any one of these living 

 Anthropoids belongs to the direct ancestral line of the 

 human species ; they are all the last divergent remnants 

 of an old Catarrhine branch." 



"Although the human species (^Homo) now follows 

 immediately upon this Anthropoid family, and has un- 

 doubtedly taken its rise directly therefrom, yet we can 

 insert as an intermediate form between them, and as a 

 twenty-fourth stage of our ancestral series, the Ape-Men 

 (^Pithecanthropi).* By this name have I denoted the 

 speechless Primitive-Men (^Alali), who certainly in general 

 appearance (namely, in the differentiation of the limbs) 

 would properly stand as ' Men ' in the ordinary sense ; 

 and yet one of the important human peculiarities, namely, 

 articulate speech, and the greater understanding connected 

 therewith, are wanting." 



" As the twenty-fifth and last stage of our animal 

 ancestry, the true man, the one able to speak, would 

 now finally be seen. This is the man who has developed 

 from the foregoing stages by gradually improving brute 

 noise (sound-speech) into the human talk (word-speech). 

 As to the place and time of this true ' Creation of Man- 

 kind ' we can only put forward very doubtful speculations. 

 Probably primitive Man first had a beginning during the 



* Dr Eugene Dubois has found in the Pliocene of Java a skull and other remains 

 which he considers to be this link. He dfscusses them and their relations in a paper " On 

 Pithecanthropus erectus : a Transitional Form between Man and the Apes ; ' Royal 

 Dublin Societ}' ; Vol. VI., Series II., p. i. February, 1896. 



