1899 S. S. BUCKMAN— HUMAN BABIES II7 



Catarrhine would have had a bough-grasping hind hand, 

 with rather long toes and an opposable thumb (big toe). 

 Again, the head (compare also fig. 2) shows extreme acceler- 

 ation. It is of the Caucasian or orthognathous type. The 

 head is of a more advanced type than that of the child 

 shown in fig. 4, which has a certain amount of the prog- 

 nathous character typical of primitive Man. And yet the 

 curly hair shown in figs, i, 2, etc. would seem to indicate 

 an earlier stage of development than the head, for curly 

 hair is associated with marked prognathism in the Negro. 



The characters then may be summed up in this manner, 

 referring to Haeckel's stages. There is the quadrupedal 

 character distinctive of early 23 stage, the naked body of 

 middle 24 stage, the foot of middle 25 stage, the type of 

 head of late 25 stage, and the type of hair of early 25 

 stage, all making up an ontogenetic stage which should 

 correspond to about middle or late 24 stage of phylogeny, 

 so that it is easy to see which characters have been unduly 

 accelerated and which retarded. 



In fig. 10 there is an interesting case of retardation. 

 The form of the mouth of the crying child is on purpose 

 to display canine teeth. It is therefore an inheritance from 

 remote ancestors who used their canine teeth for fighting ; 

 and such special use of the canine teeth would have arisen 

 very soon after those teeth had been developed in a special 

 form, suitable for such a purpose. So that, strictly to repeat 

 phylogeny, the canine teeth should come first, and the 

 special form of mouth suitable for their use should come 

 afterwards. But, in the ontogeny of Man, the develop- 

 ment of the teeth has been retarded. The special 

 form of mouth suitable for the exhibition of canine teeth 

 appears first ; the teeth themselves do not appear till later. 

 If the ontogenetic development of the teeth had proceeded 

 equallv with that of other characters, then the teeth should 

 appear through the gum of the embryo, long before the 

 child is born. 



