I900 J. BELLOWS — ROMAN ARCHITECTURE 203 



In the curious map of Roman Stations, known as 

 Peutinger's, which has come down to us from probably 

 the second or third century, thermal stations are depicted 

 in this form of an ambulatory looking into an open square. 

 [Plate IV., fig. 6]. Places in which there was a Pre- 

 torium or Imperial Court of Justice, are also thus shown. 

 Cologne (Colonia Agrippina), for example, is drawn as in 

 the second block of fig. 6. 



If, however, the main building of the Basilica was open 

 to all the winds, though it afforded shade from the heat, 

 the law court itself was sheltered by a covered semi- 

 circular building at the end. The seats rose in the form 

 of an amphitheatre : the presiding judge in the centre, and 

 his assessors {adscssores or those who sat with him ; i.e. 

 advisers) on either hand of him. At the foot, across the 

 chord of the arc a bar separated the " court " from the 

 throng in the main building, and behind this was a low 

 screen of lattice work or cancelli. The secretary who 

 recorded the decisions of the judge sat inside this screen, 

 and was therefore termed cance/lariits, or, as we anglicise 

 it, the chancellor. In some of the more magnificent 

 basiHcae the cancelli were replaced by a network of marble 

 carving. 



Now let us see what the simple court of the Greek 

 Archon had developed into under the Roman Empire, 

 A restoration of the grandest of these buildings in Rome, 

 the Basilica of Trajan, is shown in Plate V., fig. I. The 

 atrium is no longer left open, but is roofed across with 

 timber; the ceiling, 120 feet from the floor, covered with 

 plates of gilded bronze. The great gallery that runs all 

 round the building is guarded with gilded bronze railings, 

 as in Santa Sophia, built by Justinian in Constantinople. 



The galleries, supported by the granite columns, were 

 reached by outside stairs ; a thoroughly Eastern plan to 

 which I shall again refer. 



