2o8 PROC. COTTESWOLD CLUB VOL. xill. (3) 



architectural feature common to most of them is a bell- 

 turret in the roof. These turrets are so exactly alike in 

 form and in position, usually being in the centre, and not 

 at the end of the roof (and this in market-halls widely 

 separated both as to place and period,) that it is easier to 

 believe them to have come from one common type than 

 to be the results of undesigned coincidence. Thus in 

 Plate VI. the turret at Minchinhampton, in Gloucester- 

 shire [fig. 6] is exactly like that at Whitby in Yorkshire 

 [fig. 4], and that at Luton, in Bedfordshire [fig. 7] ; while 

 an old map of London shows precisely such another 

 central belfry in a sketch marked " Honey Lane Market, 

 off Fleet Street " : a building that has long disappeared. 



It is interesting to note how, as markets introduced into 

 all parts of the Roman Empire were also carried by 

 traders beyond its limits, the same style of open ambu- 

 latory was preserved in the buildings erected for holding 

 them in, as in Northern Germany. Liibeck is a fine 

 example [Plate VII., fig. i]. Another is afforded by the 

 beautiful old Rathhaus of Schwalenberg [fig. 2] ; but here 

 we see the cold of the German winter asserting the need 

 of more shelter than is afforded by the open ambulatory. 

 The rooms on. the ground floor are not brought quite to 

 the line of the street, but a survival of the ambulatory 

 has kept a tiny space behind the pillars with just enough 

 room for a cat to pass : certainly not for a burgomaster.* 



In Russia, which was beyond the reach of the Roman 

 influence in the establishment of markets, the Eastern 

 bazaar has determined the form of the " Dvors," which 

 are sets of shops, as in Petersburg and Moscow, sur- 

 rounded by covered ambulatories : clearly copied from 

 those of a hotter climate. 



Metz, a Roman city, has preserved a street of open 

 arches which are still used as shops [Plate VII., fig. 6]; 



* Similarly, the old houses in Hamburg imitate the Roman buildings by overhanging 

 their upper storeys, but the projection of each storey is usually only about nine inches. 



