I900 J. BELLOWS — ROMAN ARCHITECTURE 209 



and many such examples may be seen in other parts of 

 Roman Europe, notably in Berne ; while, to return to our 

 own Island, we find the tradition of the portico still 

 leaving its mark, as it has done at Chester, upon the 

 Roman towns of Winchester [Plate VII., fig. 4], Marl- 

 borough, Totnes [fig. 3], and Bath [fig. 5]. In the latter 

 city the covered pillar-way has been copied by one archi- 

 tect after another till the last century. " Bath Street" has 

 the side walls entirely under cover ; while the entrance to 

 the Abbey Close and the Pump Room, which stands on 

 the site of the Temple of Sul-AIinerva, has precisely the 

 arrangement of pillared shade that is indicated in the map 

 of Peutinger, already alluded to. The original of this 

 map was, as I have said, a kind of birds'-eye itinerary of 

 the great Roman roads with their stations, in which the 

 towns were indicated by a double tower such as guarded 

 city gates, while places in wdiich there were principal courts 

 of justice were shown by sketches Hke those on Plate IV., 

 fig. 6. Thermae or Baths were also so indicated. What 

 is sketched is evidently an ambulatory round three sides 

 of an open court: the doors on the right representing 

 entrances to rooms, while the front is a pillared portico 

 carrying no rooms above it, precisely like that which the 

 conservatism of architects has kept for the present approach 

 to the Bath Pump Room and Abbey Close. 



The Peutinger sketches show no roof over the sheet of 

 water answering to that which is an object of such interest 

 to visitors to Bath. The Romans, carrying with them 

 the same climatic ideas that determined the open market- 

 houses, built their baths, even in Britain, open to the 

 sky : and so they remained all through the middle ages ; 

 for the hot spring at Bath was open to all weathers till 

 after the Tudor times. It was simply a Roman Impltivium 

 occupying the whole of the atrium. 



While the ground plan of mediaeval abbeys and cathe- 

 drals preserves to us the fore-court of the Basilica, but 



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