1900 E. C. SCOBELL — COMMON FIELDS AT UPTON 227 



"We present and order that all the Common Fields within this 

 Manor be hained up from Cattle, Horses and Sheep from the day 



of and that the Hayward do impound all such Horses, Sheep and 



Cattle as shall be turned into the same Common Fields or any of them 

 contrary to this Order and not release the same until payment of Six- 

 pence per head for the Horses, Cattle, Sheep and Pigs so turned in, in 

 addition to the sum he is authorized to charge for Fodder." 



Such were the Presentments. 



May we regard the title " Hayward " as implying the 

 Warden of the " Haies " or boundaries ? Cp. above 

 " hained up," i.e. fenced from cattle by bounds.* Halli- 

 well, in his " Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words," 

 thus defines " Hayward." 



" Originally a person who guarded the corn and farm- 

 yard in the night time, and gave warning by a horn in case 

 of alarm from robbers. The term was afterwards applied 

 to a person who looked after the cattle, and prevented 

 them from breaking down the fences." 



These orders were rigidly enforced. In the records of 

 a Court Leet early in the century it is ordered that 2d. 

 a day be paid by all persons making encroachments, and 

 if not paid by November I the same to be " thrown up." 

 Penalties are also inflicted for gates not fixed and ditches 

 thrown. These orders, when resisted, were enforced by 

 the Justices of the Peace. 



Under the altered conditions, caused by the inclosure, 

 great changes have come. The holdings are re-arranged 

 and placed more conveniently together, two Recreation 

 Grounds of 6 acres, partly taken, and 13 acres of allot- 

 ment, entirely taken, from the common fields before re- 

 allotment, have been provided for the parish, vested in 

 the Parish Council ; the tenure of the land is like that of 

 any other property, and soon, with fences and houses, all 



* There is a Cotteswold term " to aim up " for hay, i.e. to keep free of cattle, etc., 

 so that the crop may grow. 



