106 BRITISH BIRDS. 
FRINGILLA CANNABINA. 
LINNET. 
(Prater 13.) 
Passer linaria, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 151 (1760). 
Passer linaria rubra major, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 185 (1760). 
Passer linaria argentoratensis, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 146 (1760). 
Fringilla cannabina, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 322 (1766); et auctorum plurimorum 
—Gmelin, Scopoli, Latham, Temminck, Naumann, (Macgillivray), (Newton), 
(Dresser), &c. 
Fringilla linota, Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. p. 916 (1788). 
Linaria linota (Gmel.), Bechst. Naturg. Deutschl. ii. p. 141 (1807). 
Linota fringillirostris, Bonap. Consp. i. p. 559 (1850). 
Cannabina bella, Hempr. et Ehr. fide Cab. Mus. Hein. i. p. 161 (1850). 
Ligurinus cannabinus (Linn.), Koch, Syst. baier. Zool. i. p. 231 (1816). 
Linaria cannabina (Linn.), Bote, Isis, 1822, p. 554. 
Passer cannabina (Linn.), Pall. Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat, ii. p. 26 (1826). 
Passer papaverina, Pall. Zoogr. Rosso- Asiat. ii. p. 27 (1826). 
Linota cannabina (Linn.), Bonap. Comp. List B. Eur. § N. Amer. p. 34 (1838). 
Cannabina linota (Gmel.), Gray, List Gen. B. p. 45 (1840). 
The Linnet is generally distributed throughout the British Islands, prin- 
cipally on commons and uncultivated lands. Its distribution is perhaps 
more restricted in the breeding-season than at other times of the year; 
nevertheless there is probably no suitable part of the mainland of the 
United Kingdom in which the Linnet does not breed. It is found on the 
Western Isles, even on the treeless islands, where it breeds amongst the 
heather; but it does not appear to visit Shetland. 
The Linnet breeds throughout Europe—in Scandinavia south of lat. 64°, 
and in East Russia south of lat. 59°. In the most northern portion of its 
range it is a migrant; but south of the Baltic it is found in greater or less 
numbers at all seasons of the year. To North-eastern Africa it is a winter 
visitor as far south as Abyssinia; but in Algeria, Tangiers, and Morocco it 
is a resident. It is a resident in the Canaries and Madeira, but appears to 
be absent from the Azores. It is a resident in Asia Minor, Palestine, 
Persia, and Turkestan. It also breeds in the south-west of Siberia as far 
east as the Altai Mountains. Examples from Central Asia have been 
described as distinct under the name of F. fringillirostris (F. bella of 
Cabanis). This is a slightly larger and rathe rpaler form; the red on 
the breast and head is a little more scarlet, it has perhaps more white on 
the rump, and the dark centres to the feathers on the back are less distinct. 
Examples from Asia Minor are intermediate. The difference between the 
