LAPLAND BUNTING. 131 
EMBERIZA LAPPONICA. 
LAPLAND BUNTING. 
(Pate 15.) 
Fringilla montana, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 160 (1760). 
Fringilla lapponica, Zinn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 317 (1766) ; et auctorum plurimorum— 
Gmelin, Latham, (Nilsson), (Bonaparte), (Salvadori), (Degland § Gerbe), (Savi) 
(Dresser), (Newton), &c. 
Fringilla calcarata, Pall. Reise Russ. Reichs, ii. p. 710, pl. E (1778). 
Plectrophanes calcaratus (Pall.), Meyer § Wolf, Taschenb. i. p- 176 (1810). 
Hortulanus montanus (Briss.), Leach, Syst. Cat. Mamm. Sc. Brit. Mus. p. 16 (1816). 
Passerina lapponica (Zinn.), Vieill. Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. xxv. p. 12 (817). 
Emberiza calcarata (Pall.), Temm. Man. d’ Orn. i. p. 322 (1820). 
Passer calearatus (Pall.), Pall. Zoogr. Rosso- Asiat. ii. p. 18, pl. 39 (1826). 
Plectrophanes lapponicus (Linn.), Selby, Trans. Linn. Soc. 1827, xv. p- 156. 
Centrophanes lapponicus (Linn.), Kaup, Nat. Syst. pp. 158, 192 (1829). 
Plectrophanes groenlandicus, Brehm, Vig. Deutschl. p. 807 (1831). 
The first instance of the occurrence of the Lapland Bunting in this 
country, to which it is only a rare accidental winter visitor, was early in 
the year 1826, the fact being announced by Selby to the Linnean Society. 
This specimen was discovered in Leadenhall Market, where it had been 
sent with Larks from Cambridgeshire. Since that date about a score 
solitary examples have been obtained in Great Britain, most of them in 
the southern counties; but it is not known that any flock of these birds 
has ever reached our islands. In Scotland it appears hitherto to have only 
been detected in Caithness, where it has twice been found. It has not yet 
occurred in Ireland. It is very rarely observed in Iceland, and has never 
been known to visit the Faroes. 
The Lapland Bunting is a cireumpolar bird, breeding on the tundras of 
both hemispheres beyond the limit of forest-growth, and in a similar 
climate at high elevations in Norway as far south as Dovre Fjeld, about 
lat. 62°, where it breeds in the willow-region above the birch-region. It 
does not go so far north as the Snow-Bunting, and is apparently absent 
from Spitzbergen and Nova Zembla; but Middendorff found it breeding on 
the Taimur river in Siberia, about lat. 73°, and in Greenland it breeds at 
least as far north as lat. 70°. It winters in Mongolia, North China, and 
the Northern States of America, a few individuals straying every year into 
Central and Southern Europe. It has occurred in South Scandinavia, 
Denmark, Holland, Germany, France, and Austria. It has not been known 
to visit the Spanish peninsula, but during severe winters is occasionally 
observed in Northern Italy. It does not appear to visit Turkey, Greece, 
or Asia Minor, or ever to cross the Mediterranean, and is very rare in 
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