GREY WAGTAIL. 203 
MOTACILLA SULPHUREA. 
GREY WAGTAIL.. 
(Piate 14.) 
Ficedula motacilla flava, Briss. Orn, iii. p. 471, pl. xxiii. fig. 3 (1760). 
Motacilla melanope, Pall. Reis. Russ. Reichs, iii. p. 696 (1776). 
Motacilla tschutschensis, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. p. 962 (1788). 
Motacilla boarula, Scop. apud Gimel. Syst. Nat. i. p. 997 (1788). 
Motacilla sulphurea, Bechst. Naturg. Deutschi. ii. p. 459 (1807); et auctorum plu- 
rimorum—(Kaup), Bonaparte, Degland § Gerbe, (Horsfield §& Moore), (Jerdon), 
(Holdsworth), (Legge), (Hume), Irby, Shelley, Newton, &e. 
Motacilla cinerea, Leach, Syst. Cat. Mamm. §c. Brit. Mus. p. 22 (1816). 
Motacilla bistrigata, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc, xiii. p. 312 (1821, partim). 
Calobates sulphurea (Bechst.), Kaup, Natiirl. Syst. p. 83 (1829). 
Budytes boarula (Scop.), apud Eyton, Cat. Brit. B. p. 15 (1836). 
Motacilla xanthoschista, Hodgs. Gray's Zool. Miscell. p. 83 (1844). 
Pallenura sulphurea (Bechst.), Bonap. Consp. i. p. 250 (1850). 
Pallenura javensis, Bonap. Consp. i, p. 250 (1850). 
The Grey Wagtail is sparingly distributed throughout England and 
Wales, breeding in the mountainous districts and migrating into the lower 
valleys and into the plains for the winter. In the Channel Islands it is 
probably a resident. In Scotland it is more generally distributed than in 
England, and though not found on the Outer Hebrides it occurs on several 
of the inner islands. It occasionally visits Orkney in summer, and is 
frequently driven by storms to the Shetlands in autumn. In Ireland it is 
widely although locally distributed. 
The range of the Grey Wagtail extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific, 
but does not appear to include either the Scandinavian or Kamtschatkan 
peninsulas. It breeds throughout Central and Southern Europe, the 
northern limit of its range being Holstein, West Russia south of Moscow, 
and Hast Russia south of lat.59°. In Siberia Finsch found it in the valley 
of the Obb in lat. 67°; but in the valley of the Yenesay I only obtained 
one example in lat. 664°, and Middendorff did not find it east of the Lena 
north of lat. 62°. It breeds in Asia as far south as Persia, Turkestan, Cash- 
mere, South Siberia, and Japan. It is a resident in the Canaries, Madeira, 
and the Azores ; but in most parts of its range itis a partial migrant, breed- 
ing on the mountains and wintering in the plains, and many of the 
European birds cross the Mediterranean to winter in North Africa and 
Palestine. To Siberia it is only a summer visitor, passing through Mon- 
golia on migration and wintering in India and Ceylon, the Andaman Islands, 
Java, the Burma peninsula, some of the Philippine Islands, Formosa, and 
China. Some ornithologists distinguish the eastern race of this bird from 
