TREE-PIPIT. 219 
ANTHUS ARBOREUS. 
TREE-PIPIT. 
(Pirate 14.)' 
Alauda arborea, Briss. Orn. iii. p. 340, pl. xx. fig. 1 (1760); et auctorum pluri- 
morum—(Tenninck), (Naumann), (Degland § Gerbe), (Bonaparte), (Salvadori), 
(Gray), (Stevenson), (Macgillivray), (Savi), (Jerdon), (Tristram), (Godman), 
(Hume), (Severtzow), (Goebel), (Kriiper), (Sachse), &e. 
Alauda trivialis, Zinn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 288 (1766), 
Alauda plumata, Mill. Natursyst. p. 137 (1776). 
Alauda minor, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. p. 793 (1788). 
Spipola agrestis, Leach, Syst. Cat. Mamm. Sc. Brit. Mus. p. 22 (1816). 
Motacilla spipola, Pall. Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. i. p. 512 (1826). 
Anthus trivialis (Zinn.), Heming, Brit. An. p. 75 (1828). 
Pipastes arboreus (Briss.), Kaup, Natiirl. Syst. p. 33 (1829). 
Anthus agilis, Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1832, p. 91. 
Fringilla agilis (Sykes), Tickell, Journ, As. Soe. ii. p. 578 (1883). 
Dendroanthus trivialis (Linn.), Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 135 (1849). 
Pipastes agilis (Sykes), Gould, B. Asia, part xvii. (1865). 
Pipastes montanus, Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 312. 
Anthus plumatus (Mill.), Shelley, B. Egypt, p. 130 (1872). 
Pipastes plumatus (Miill.), Hume, Stray Feathers, 1873, p. 202. 
The Tree-Pipit is a summer migrant to our islands and is very widely 
distributed. It is found commonly in all suitable localities in England 
with the exception of the extreme south-west, but becomes far less common 
in Wales. It also breeds in the Channel Islands. @n Scotland Gray 
remarks that the only place in which he found this species at all abundant 
was within a few miles’ radius of Glasgow, although it is distributed 
from Inverness to Galloway, but nowhere in great numbers. On the 
east coast he remarks that it is dispersed from Berwick to Banffshire, 
and is also found in some of the inland counties. It occasionally 
wanders as far as the Orkneys, but does not appear to have been noticed 
in Shetland. In Ireland the Tree-Pipit is a very rare species, although it 
is quite possible that it has been overlooked. Thompson had no satis- 
factory evidence of its occurrence there ; nor was it with certainty detected 
until Mr. C. W. Benson met with a pair on the north side of the city of 
Dublin (‘ Zoologist,’ 1878, p. 348). In the same periodical for the same 
year (p. 454), Mr. H. Chichester Hart, in referring to the above, states 
that he found a nest near Raheny, co. Dublin, about thirteen years pre- 
viously, which, there can be little doubt, belonged to this species. 
The Tree-Pipit, hke many other Palzarctic birds, has two forms, an 
eastern and a western, which meet together in the valley of the Yenesay. 
