266 BRITISH BIRDS. 
ALAUDA ARVENSIS. 
SKY-LARK. 
(PuatE 15.) 
Alauda alauda, Briss. Orn. 11. p. 535 (1760). 
Alauda arvensis, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1. p. 287 (1766); et auctorum plurimorum— 
Scopoli, Latham, Temminck, Naumann, Bonaparte, Salvadori, Newton, Dresser, 
&e. 
Alauda italica, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. p. 795 (1788). 
Alauda vulgaris, Leach, Syst. Cat. Mamm. §c. Brit. Mus. p. 21 (1816). 
Alauda coelipeta, Pall. Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. i. p. 524 (1826). 
Alauda cantarella, Bonap. Comp. List B. Eur. § N. Amer. p. 37 (1838). 
Alauda montana, Crespon, Faun. mérid. France, p. 319 (1844). 
Alauda triborhynchus, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Misc. p. 84 (1844). 
Alauda dulcivox, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Misc. p. 84 (1844). 
Alauda japonica, Tenun. § Schleg. Faun. Japon. p. 87, pl. xlvii. (1847). 
Alauda pekinensis, Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1863, p. 89. 
Alauda intermedia, Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1863, p. 89. 
The Sky-Lark is very widely distributed throughout the British Islands, 
and is a resident except in the extreme north. It is as common in 
Scotland as it is in England, extending to the Outer Hebrides, the 
Orkneys, and Shetland. The same remarks apply to Ireland, where it is 
as widely dispersed as in the rest of the United Kingdom. 
The Sky-Lark inhabits nearly the whole of the Palearctic Region, from 
England to Kamtschatka. As is the case with so many other birds, its 
range becomes more restricted both to the north and the south as it 
proceeds eastwards. In Western Europe it breeds up to latitude 70° 
(although it is comparatively rare north of the Arctic circle) and in North 
Africa as far south as the southern slopes of the Atlas Mountains. In 
Archangel it is comparatively rare; in the valley of the Petchora Harvie- 
Brown and I only obtained two stragglers, in lat. 654°; in the valley of the 
Yenesay I only obtained one specimen, in lat. 664°; and in East Siberia it 
has not been obtained north of lat. 60°. In Japan, the valley of the Amoor, 
South-east Mongolia, Turkestan, and Persia it only breeds at high eleva- 
tions. To Asia Minor, Palestine, Greece, and Egypt it is only a winter 
visitor, and comparatively rare in the latter country. It also winters in 
North-west India and North China. To Europe north of the Baltic, and 
probably throughout Siberia, it is only a summer visitor. It passes 
through Afghanistan on migration, and has accidentally occurred on 
Greenland, the Bermudas, and Madeira. 
Few small birds differ more in size than the Sky-Lark, the length of 
