334. BRITISH BIRDS. 
UPUPA EPOPS. 
HOOPOE. 
(PiateE 15.) 
Upupa upupa, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 455, pl. xlii. fig. 1 (1760). 
Upupa epops, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 183 (1766); et auctorum plurimorum— 
Latham, Temminck, Naumann, Bonaparte, Newton, Dresser, &c. 
Upupa vulgaris, Pall. Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. 1. p. 483 (1826). 
Upupa bifasciata, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 215, t. 15. fig. 2 (1881). 
Upupa senegalensis, Swains. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 114 (18387). 
Upupa indicus, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Miscell, p. 82 (1844). 
Upupa maculigera, Reich, Handb. Scansoria, p. 319 (18538). 
Upupa ceylonensis, Reich. Handb, Scansorie, p. 820 (1853). 
Upupa nigripennis, Gould, fide Horsf. § Moore, Cat. B. Mus. EI. Co. ii. p. 725 
(1856). 
The Hoopoe may almost be regarded as a regular summer migrant to 
the British Islands, but one which has been nearly exterminated on account 
of its beauty. Nevertheless it continues to visit this country, scarcely a 
year passing without its being obtained, and it has bred in most of the 
southern counties of England. It has occurred in almost every county of 
both England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. It has been obtained more 
than once both on the Orkney and Shetland Islands. Gray records it 
from the Outer Hebrides; and I shot an example on one of the Blasquet 
Islands in the extreme south-west of Ireland. It also occurs on the 
Channel Islands. 
The Hoopoe, although not a northern bird, has a very extensive range, 
and breeds commonly in temperate and Southern Europe south of lat. 
56°, but appears to have been almost exterminated from England and 
Denmark. North of this limit it has occurred accidentally in Christiania, 
St. Petersburg, and even on Spitsbergen. To the extreme south of 
Sweden it appears to be a regular summer visitor. East of the Ural 
Mountains it occurs up to about the same latitude (56°) and throughout 
the valley of the Amoor. It is a partial resident in the Azores, the 
Canaries, and Madeira, and is a permanent resident throughout North 
Africa. To Palestine, Asia Minor, Persia, Turkestan, Mongolia, and North 
China it is a summer visitor. It is a resident in India, Ceylon, the whole 
of the Burmese peninsula except the Malay portion, and South China. 
It winters in West Africa and Abyssinia, and Africa south of the Sahara 
to within about 500 miles of the equator, and, strange to say, in Mada- 
gascar. About 500 miles south of the equator it is replaced, in many 
