ae 
WHITE STORK, 525 
CICONIA ALBA. 
WHITE STORK. 
(PuatE 37.) 
Ciconia alba, Briss. Orn. v. p. 865 (1760) ; Bechst. Naturg. Deutsch. iii. p. 41 (1793) ; 
et auctorum plurimorum — Temminck, Degland § Gerbe, Naumann, 
Dresser, &c. 
Ardea ciconia, Linn, Syst. Nat. i. p. 235 (1766). 
Ciconia alba, var. major, 
Ciconia azretti, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 68, 145 (1873). 
Ciconia alba asiatica, 
Ciconia mycteriiarhyncha, Severtz, fide Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 324. 
It is not known that the White Stork ever bred in the British Islands, 
but it occasionally visits them, either singly or in small parties, during the 
spring and autumn migration. It is most often seen in the eastern and 
southern counties. In Scotland it has occurred in the counties of Berwick 
and Forfar; but in Ireland there is only one record of its occurrence, in 
1846, when three Storks were seen in the county of Cork, one of which 
was shot. 
The range of the White Stork, like that of so many other birds, ex- 
tends from the Atlantic to Central Asia. It is a summer visitor to the 
western Palearctic Region, wintermg in West Africa and throughout 
South Africa as far north as the Soudan. It does not breed in Norway, 
but occurs as an occasional straggler up to lat. 61°. It breeds in South 
Sweden, occasionally straying as far north as lat. 60°. In the Baltic 
Provinces it breeds up to lat. 58°; but it does not appear to be found 
in the valley of the Volga. It is a very common resident in the Caucasus ; 
but is only a summer migrant to Turkestan as far east as Yarkand. 
It is a common summer visitor to the whole of Europe south of these 
limits; but in France it has been entirely exterminated during the 
breeding-season, and in Italy nearly so, and is only known now in these 
two countries as passing through on migration. It occasionally visits the 
Canaries on migration; but is a regular summer migrant to Algeria. It 
passes in great numbers through Palestine and Egypt on migration, a few 
remaining to breed intheformer country. It is a common summer visitor 
to Asia Minor and Persia, and winters in North India. 
In the valley of the Lower Amoor, Manchooria, East Mongolia, North 
China, and Japan a nearly allied species occurs (Ciconia boyciana), 
