brunnich's guillemot. 79 



Nilsson's statement that it breeds on the Carlsoav, off 

 Gottland, in the Baltic, requires confirmation. A straggler 

 is said to have been obtained near Flensborg, and two, at 

 long intervals, on the coast of Denmark; moreover, Mr. E. 

 Hargitt's collection contains a specimen taken near Havre, 

 in France. Even in Iceland it seems to be very local, and 

 almost confined to the northern portion. In Greenland it is 

 found in immense numbers, breeding as far south as 64° N. 

 latitude. Major Feilden describes (Zool. 1878, p. 380) a visit 

 to a vast colony or " loomery " in the cliffs of Sanderson's 

 Hope, which rise over a thousand feet in height, a little to 

 the south of Upernavik, and he observed two individuals in 

 August as far north as Buchanan Strait, in 79° N. lat., after 

 which this bird was not seen again until the return of the 

 ' Alert ' to navigable water, south of Cape Sabine, the north 

 water of Baffin Bay being evidently the limit of its range in 

 that direction. 



On the clifls of Spitsbergen, especially the Alkefjell, and 

 on the neighbouring islands, it breeds in millions, and it is 

 abundant on Franz-Josef Land, where Payer says it made 

 its appearance on the 24th of May. It swarms on Novaya 

 Zemlya, and probably occurs in suitable localities along the 

 north coast and islands of Siberia, for Nordenskiold saw it 

 east of Cape Cheljuskin, and found half-grown young on the 

 Preobraschenij Islands, in 116° E. long., on the 24th of 

 August, during the voyage of the ' Vega.' He reports it as 

 wintering in those Arctic regions, wherever open places occur 

 during that season ; and he obtained it at Irgunnuk on the 

 30th of April, 1879, while his ship was imprisoned in the 

 ice. The naturalist of the ' Jeannette ' found it breeding in 

 abundance on Bennett Island ; but in Bering Sea and in the 

 North Pacific, down to Japan on the one side and California 

 on the other, it appears to be replaced by a closely-allied 

 form to which American naturalists apply the name of Uria 

 arra. On the east side of America the winter range of 

 Briinnich's Guillemot has been known to extend to New 

 Jersey. 



In its habits and food, so far as is known, this species 



