494 



Index 



Sapsucker, tongue of, 124 



Scales, of carp, 289, 290; on legs of 

 birds, 356, 368 



Scapula, 84; position in various ani- 

 mals, 88 



Scent-glands, of birds, 286, 287; of 

 mammals, 286 



Screamer, Crested, 330; flight of; 329 



Sea-birds, colour of eggs of, 455 



Sea-eagles, food of, 157 



Sea-urchins, used as food, 145 



Secondaries, number in Albatross, 320, 

 321, 325; in Hummingbird, 320, 321, 



325 



Secretary-bird, 378, 379; food of, 157 



Seeds. 427 



Segmentation of egg, 465-470 



Senses, 



hearing, 215-218; in Geese, 216 

 sight, 207-215; in Barred Owl, 211; 



Eagle, 208: Woodcock, 208 

 smell, 203-206; in Vultures, 205 

 taste, 218, 219 



touch, 219, 222; in Apteryx, 219; 

 Woodcock, 219, 220, 222 

 Seriema, 17; eyelashes of, 257; habits 



of, 15; relation to Phororachus, 15 

 Shark, back-bone of, 68; gill-bars of, 



113; skull of, 104; tooth of, 20 

 Shore-birds, number of eggs laid by, 



436 

 Shoulder-girdle, 84-88, 85; l)ones com- 

 posing, 84; evolution of, 86, 87; 

 of fish, 86, 87 

 Shrike, Puff-back, feathers in, 287 

 Size, as correlated with distribution, 



295 

 Skate, egg of, 428, 429 

 Skeleton, of man, leg of, 99; Ostrich, 

 leg of, 99; Pigeon, shown by X-ray 

 photograph, 63; Rooster, compared 

 with contour of body, 65; ways of 

 preparing, 64 

 Skimmer, bill of, 231, 232; Black, nest 

 and eggs of, 454 456, 459; colour 

 of eggs in Black, 454, 455, 456, 459 

 Skin, layers of, 19; products of, 20 

 Skull, 103-115; bones of, 107; evolu- 

 tion of, 104-106; origin of, 103-104; 

 section through, 201; alligator, 105; 

 Eagle, 106; Hawk, 199, 200; Heron, 

 199, 200; shark, 104 

 Sleep, birds in, 344, 355 

 Sloth, head of, 210 

 Snail used as food, 148, 453 

 Snake, egg of, used as food, 157, 429 

 Snakebird, bill of, 228, 229; body- 

 feathers of, 289; foot of, 391; method 

 of fishing of, 154; neck of, 282, 283; 

 stomach of, 139 



Snipe, bill of Dowitcher, 241; fighting, 

 see Ruff. 



Snowshoes of Grouse, 380, 381 



Snowflake, colour of change in, 297 



Sparrow, albinism in Enghsh 314; 

 crop of Enghsh, 129; effect of cli- 

 mate on song, 292, 295; effect of 

 humidity on White-throated, 291, 

 294; flight of, 328; moult of wing- 

 leathers of, 46; moult of body- 

 feathers of, 52, 53; neck of White- 

 throated, 74, protective coloration 

 in, 299; stomach-glands of, 135; 

 tail in moult of, 409; tail of Vesper, 

 414 



Specialization of feet, 358 



Spoonbill, bill of, 236, 239; use of wing 

 in a, 350 



Spurs of fowls, 382; of Peacock, 382, 

 383; Peacock Pheasant, 383; struc- 

 ture of, 382 



Squid, used as food, 150, 153 



Starling, food of Red-winged, 162, 163; 

 Wattled, see Locust-bird 



Sternum, function of, 81; value in 

 classification of, 80; of Flamingo, 80; 

 Ostrich, 81 



Stilt, 237 



Stomach, 134-140; of Chicken (young), 

 135; English Sparrow, 135; Snake- 

 bird, 139 



Storks, food of, 157 



Sugar-bird, food of, 144 



Sulphur-tyrant, food of, 161 



Swallow, food of, 360; tail of Barn, 405, 

 407 



Swan, foot of Black-necked, 390; 

 neck of, 282; protective coloration 

 in Black-necked, 305, 306; sleeping 

 position of, 345; specific difference in 

 egg-shells, 460; trachea of Trumpeter, 

 170; weight of Trumpeter, 285; 

 wing-bone of Black, 175; use of 

 wing in defence, 346 



Swift, bill of Chimney, 244, 245, 246; 

 foot of, 368, 369; nest of, 118; tail 

 of Chimney, 410, 412; wing-feathers 

 of, 42 



Swiftlets, nest of, 119; use of nests, 

 120 



Swim-l)ladder of fishes, 178, 179 



Swimming compared with flight, 327 



Syrinx, drum of Mallard, 168, 170; 

 structure of, 172 



T 



Tail, of Archseopteryx, 398, 399, 400, 

 401; evolution of, 398-403; feathers 

 of, 402, 403; lack of, in Emeu, 402, 

 404; in Cassowary, 402 



