GIPSY MOTH AND BROWN-TAIL MOTH AND THEIR CONTROL. 7 
brown-tail moth caterpillars. Two species of egg parasites, namely, 
Schedius kuvane How., which was imported from Japan, and Anas- 
tatus bifasciatus Fonsc., which was secured from Europe, have also 
been colonized in a portion of the* infested area and are valuable 
additions to the natural enemies of this insect. 
During the past year the work of the natural enemies of the 
gipsy moth, including the imported parasites, the Calosoma beetle, 
and the wilt disease, has served greatly to reduce the numbers of the 
insect in many badly infested localities. This is particularly true 
in the region which has been infested longest, and it is hoped that 
when these enemies of the moth have become established in large 
numbers over the entire infested territory the insect will be much 
less a destructive factor than it is at present. Until such time as this 
can be brought about, however, the most effective hand or mechanical 
- methods of fighting this pest should be continued. 
THE BROWN-TAIL MOTH. 
LIFE HISTORY. 
(Fig. 4). 
The eggs.—The female brown-tail moth deposits a small cluster of 
egos on the underside of a leaf. These eggs are usually laid in July 
and are covered with brown hair taken from the body of the female. 
Hatching begins about the 15th of August. 
The larve.—The newly hatched larve of this insect feed on the 
epidermis of the leaf and after molting once or twice begin to con- 
struct a winter web. This is made by drawing together several termi- 
nal leaves and securely fastening them by silk which is secreted by 
the caterpillars. The larve from one or more egg clusters live and 
feed in common, and as cold weather approaches they retire to the 
web, in which they remain during the winter. In the spring these 
larve leave the web as soon as the buds begin to develop and feed 
upon the bud scales and small leaflets. They become full-grown 
about the middle of June. 
The pupew.—After the caterpillars finish feeding they spin loose 
silken cocoons and pupate within them. These cocoons are some- 
times constructed separately, but in many cases large numbers of 
them are spun in a single mass. About two weeks are spent in the 
pupal state. 
The adults—kKmergence of the moth usually begins the first week 
in July. The adult brown-tail moth is pure white in color. The 
abdomen of the female is much larger than that of the male, but in 
both sexes the tip of the-abdomen is covered with dark-brown hairs. 
These moths are attracted to strong light, such as electric arc lights, 
and as they fly at night it is often possible to secure many specimens 
around the are lights in cities and towns during the first half of the 
month of July. 
