GIPSY MOTH AND BROWN-TAIL MOTH AND THEIR CONTROL. 3 
The methods of protecting orchards and the street, park, and orna- 
mental trees in cities and towns are set forth on the following pages, 
and these methods have been adopted as a result of many extensive 
experiments. A proper system of orchard management can be 
adopted which will enable the owner of infested trees to protect them 
fully without very much expense additional to that required for the 
control of the other injurious orchard insects. The expense of caring 
for infested city or park trees is somewhat greater than in the case 
of infested orchards, but practical methods can be adopted which will 
not render the cost prohibitive. 
The control of these insects in forests is extremely difficult, owing 
to the small amount of money that any owner can afford to expend 
in preventing injury to his woodlands. This being so it is usually 
more satisfactory to have the woodland examined by an expert 
familiar with the insects and the best measures to be used for their 
control in order that suggestions for treatment may be made which 
will be applicable to the conditions in each particular case. Such in- 
formation can usually be obtained from the State or local officials 
engaged in gipsy moth and brown-tail moth work, and so far as 
possible this office will cooperate with owners and give practical 
advice and suggestions as to the management of their infested 
_ premises. 
THE GIPSY MOTH. 
LIFE HISTORY. 
(Fig. 2.) 
The eggs—The female gipsy moth deposits a cluster containing 
400 eggs or more, which she covers with buff-colored hair. Most of 
the egg clusters are laid during the month of July and hatch about 
the time the leaves begin to appear the following spring. They are 
deposited on the underside of branches of trees, on tree trunks, under 
loose bark, or in cavities in the trunks or branches, and are sometimes 
placed on stones or rubbish and in a variety of situations where they 
are concealed from view. As the female moth does not fly, egg 
clusters are seldom found far from the food plant upon which the 
caterpillars developed. 
The larve.—tThe newly-hatched larve feed on the opening leaves, 
making small perforations. They grow rapidly and become full fed 
early in July. During this period they molt five or six times, and as 
they increase in size a larger proportion of the foliage is eaten, so 
that if the infestation is severe, trees may be completely stripped of 
foliage before the end of June. 
The pupw—When full grown the caterpillars shed their skin and 
transform to pup, which are chestnut brown in color and _pro- 
vided with tufts of yellow hairs. They remain in this dormant stage 
for about 10 days, after which the adult insects emerge. 
