THE SAN JOSE SCALE AND ITS CONTROL. ly 
The density of the concentrate, made according to the formula 
50—100-—50, has varied, in the experience of the Bureau of Entomology, 
from 24 to 28 degrees Baumé, and theoretically should be 26° by this 
scale. It is quite desirable for economy in storage space to prepare 
as highly concentrated a solution as possible. This can be done with 
reduced quantity of water after the following formula, which will 
give a solution of a density of from 32 to 34 degrees Baumé. 
JD e SDS) Revie ial LU 10 cen een a , < -) ee pounds.. 80 
Wommercialleround’sulphur-.2.U2).. eRe IS. 2). do 160 
Water to make, of the finished product....................gallons.. 50 
While this formula gives about 50 per cent in volume of sludge, 
after allowing the solution to settle for 24 hours, there is only about 
5 to 10 per cent in volume of insoluble material, which would be 
removed in the straining process. This volume of sludge will not be 
objectionable in spraying, provided the insoluble material has been 
properly strained out. 
HANDLING AND STORAGE. 
It is very desirable in most cases to make up a supply of lime-sulphur 
solution during the winter or early spring, before spraying operations 
begin. It is quite feasible to do this, as the solution can be kept a year 
or more when properly stored. It should be placed in barrels or other 
tight receptacles and carefully stoppered so as to exclude the air as 
much as possible, as this slowly causes the wash to deteriorate. The 
barrels or other container should be completely filled, so that there will 
be little or no air space above the surface of the liquid. In the prepa- 
ration of the lime-sulphur concentrate at home the disposition of the 
sludge is a question of practical importance. Commercial manufac- 
turing plants are usually supplied with a filter press by means of 
which the wash, as it comes from the cooking tank, is filtered, freeing 
it from sludge and sediment. There seems, however, to be no objec- 
tion to storing the solution without removal of sludge, though the 
sediment should be strained out as already stated. 
Lime-sulphur solution should not be allowed to freeze, as this 
greatly reduces its strength. It does not freeze easily, however, and 
the temperature at which it freezes varies with its strength; the 
stronger the solution, the less easily it is frozen. It will stand a con- 
siderably lower temperature without freezing than will water. 
COOKING PLANTS. 
Lime-sulphur concentrate may be made by orchardists with very 
simple appliances, such as a large kettle suspended on a pole or raised 
from the ground on loose stones. One or two such kettles embedded 
in masonry would be more convenient, however, and would permit the 
