THE SAN JOSE SCALE AND ITS CONTROL. 21 
summer. Under these circumstances much benefit will follow sum- 
mer spraying for the San Jose scale, but this work should be regarded 
as a temporary expedient to prevent undue increase of the insect 
until the more effective dormant treatment may be applied. 
Either the commercial or homemade lime-sulphur concentrate may 
be used for summer spraying 
(except on stone fruits), but 
they must be used in a much 
more dilute condition than 
during the winter. The di- 
lute lime-sulphur spray has 
come into very extended use 
asafungicide! and is used on 
pome fruits at the rate of 13 
gallons of the concentrate, 
registering from 32 to 34 
degrees on the Baumé scale, 
to 50 gallons of water. 
The use of the lime-sul- 
phur wash as a fungicide will 
constitute sufficient spray- 
ings for the scale, provided 
attention is given in spray- 
ing to coat, in addition to 
the leaves and fruit necessary 
in fungicidal work, also the 
limbs, branches, and twigs. 
Young scale insects from 
individuals which may have 
escaped the treatment have 
a decided tendency to mi- 
grate onto the fruit. The 
presence of these insects on 
the fruit is very objection- C 
able, especially on apples in- 7 
tended for export trade, as a 
scale-infested fruit iS ex- Fig. 13.—Apparatus for determining specific gravity of 
cluded from entry by certain ica: >, specie gravity spindle; c, Baumé spindle. 
foreign governments, and is — (Original.) 
discriminated against by buyers generally. The influence of sulphur 
sprays used as fungicides in trees and foliage in checking the settling 
of young scales on the fruit is shown in Table II. These data were 
obtained by Mr. E. W. Scott, of the Bureau of Entomology, in the 
course of some experimental work during 1911 at Fennville, Mich. 
= 5 
a a ~ 
ey eS eS ete 
& 
BS 
A: a a rea 
tothe eT 
BREESE 
ie 
1 Quaintance, A. L., and Scott, W, M. The more important insect and fungous enemies of the fruit 
and foliage of the apple. U.S. Dept. Agr., Farmers’ Bul. 492, 48 p., 21 figs. 1912, 
