THE APPLE-TREE TENT CATERPILLAR. vi 
THE ADULT. 
-Both sexes of the tent-caterpillar moth are shown in figure 6, the 
female to the right. These are dull reddish-brown, stout-bodied 
moths, with a wing expanse in the females of about 1.5 to 2 inches, 
and in the males of from 1.2 to 1.3 inches. Obliquely across the 
forewings of each sex are two nearly parallel whitish lines, as shown 
in the illustration. Soon after emergence the sexes mate, and eggs 
are deposited on limbs and twigs. There is only one generation each 
year, the insects existing in the egg stage throughout the remaining 
summer and fall and through the winter, the young larve coming 
from the eggs in early spring and forming their nests, or tents, as 
stated. 
FiG. 6.—Moths of apple-tree tent caterpillar; male at the left. Slightly enlarged. (Original.) 
NATURAL ENEMIES. 
This species is subject to attack by numerous parasitic and preda- 
ceous enemies, which undoubtedly exert an important influence in 
keeping it reduced. Very minute, four-winged flies of the order 
Hymenoptera deposit their eggs within those of the tent caterpillar 
moth, the resulting larve or grubs finding sufficient food for their 
growth and development to parent flies. Three egg parasites have 
been recorded for this species.t 
Larye and pup furnish food for a large number of parasites and 
hyperparasites. Thus W. F. Fiske ? records a total of some 24 species 
of insects which directly or indirectly feed upon the tent caterpillar. 
Eighteen primary parasites have been recorded from the larva and 
pupa. 
1 Telenomus clisiocampae Riley, Pteromalus sp., and Platygaster sp. 
2 Tech. Bul. No. 6, N. H. College Agric. Exp. Sta., p. 2 (1903). 
2 Itoplectis conquisitor (Say), Itoplectis annulipes (Brullé), Pimplidea pedalis (Cress.), Iseropus inquisi- 
toriella (Dalla Torre), Limnerium fugitivum Say, A meloctonus clisiocampae Weed, Anomalon exile Prov., 
Anomalon anale Say, Spilocrytus extrematis Cress., A panteles congregatus var. rufocoralis Riley, A panteles 
clisiocampae Ashm., Rhogas intermedius Cress., Hadrobracon hopkinsi Vier. (mentioned in the reference 
given above as Bracon gelechix Ashm., an erroneous determination), Diglochis omnivorus Walk., Miotropis 
clisiocampae Ashm., Theronia melanocephala Brullé (?)—all Hymenoptera—and the dipteron Frontina 
frenchit Will, 
