THE ROUNDHEADED APPLE-TREE BORER. ff 
enaw their way into the sapwood. During the first season the young 
borers feed and grow rapidly, 
and where several occur in one 
tree they may completely girdle 
and kill it before winter. Their 
burrows at this time are in the 
form of broad, irregular, usu- 
ally more or less circular gal- 
leries beneath the outer bark, 
near to the point where the egg 
was laid. The borers aveid one 
another in the tree, and the forms 
of their galleries are often 
affected thereby, being made 
narrower and more elongate to 
avoid contact. This habit in- 
creases the liability of their : 
" Fie. 6.—Inner surface of bark peeled from 
being overlooked by orchard- young apple tree showing position of eggs 
- ists who practice the digging- of roundheaded apple-tree borer. Natural 
i Size. (Original.) 
out, or “worming,” method. 
As the borers feed they keep an open space in the burrows about 
themselves, thrusting their 
castings into abandoned 
corners or out through 
small holes made by them 
in the bark. These cast- 
ings form little heaps of 
reddish, stringy wood 
fragments around the base 
of the tree (fig. 11) and 
afford one of the sure 
marks by which infested 
trees may be detected. 
The borers spend their 
first winter in the burrows 
near the ground and _ re- 
sume feeding early the 
following spring, attack- 
ing now the solid wood 
almost exclusively, and, in 
young trees, penetrating 
to the heart. During the 
Fic. 7.—Female beetle splitting the bark of a 
young apple tree just below the surface of the 
ground preparatory to depositing an egg. (Origi- summer those that are to 
mal) attain the adult stage the 
following year Rent to extend their burrows up the trunk a half 
