14 FARMERS’ BULLETIN 679. 
or pit deseribed, nor shall he allow any such bin or pit to be over- 
filled or needlessly uncovered. Horse manure may be kept tightly 
rammed into well-covered barrels for the purpose of removal in 
such barrels. Every person keeping manure in the more densely 
populated parts of the District shall cause all such manure to be 
removed from the premises at least twice every week between June 1 
and October 31, and at least once every week between November 1 
and May 31 of the following year. No person shall remove or 
transport any manure over any public highway in any of the more 
densely populated parts of the District except in a tight vehicle, 
which, if not inclosed, must be effectually covered with canvas, so as 
to prevent the manure from being dropped. No person shall deposit 
manure removed from the bins or pits within any of the more 
densely populated parts of the District without a permit from the 
health officer. Any person violating any of the provisions shall, 
upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than $40 
for each offense. 
Not only must horse stables be cared for, but chicken yards, pig- 
geries, and garbage receptacles as well. In cities, with better methods 
of disposal of garbage and with the lessening of the number of 
horses and horse stables consequent upon electric street railways, 
bicycles, and automobiles, the time may come, and before very long, 
when window screens may be discarded. 
DISPOSAL OF MANURE IN RURAL AND SUBURBAN DISTRICTS. 
The control of flies in rural and suburban districts offers a much 
more difficult problem. Here it is out of the question to remove all 
manure from the premises twice a week. The problem is rather to 
find some method of disposal or storage which will conserve the 
fertilizing value of the manure and at the same time prevent all flies 
from breeding or destroy such as do breed there. 
With this idea in mind it has been recommended that stable 
manure be removed every morning and hauled out at once and spread 
rather thinly on the fields. This procedure is advisable from the 
point of view of getting the maximum fertilizing value from the 
manure. Immediate spreading on the fields is said largely to prevent 
the loss of plant food which occurs when manure is allowed to stand 
in heaps for a long time. This method will be effective in preventing 
the breeding of flies only if the manure is hauled out promptly every 
morning and spread thinly so that it will dry, since it is unfavorable 
for fly development in dessicated condition. Removal every three or 
four days will not be sufficient. Observations have shown that if 
manure becomes flyblown, and the maggots attain a fairly good size 
before the manure is scattered on the fields, they can continue their 
