20 FARMERS’ BULLETIN 679. 
floor should be cleaned at least once a week, and all Uquids run into 
the cistern, in order to prevent mosquitoes from breeding in the 
water in the floor of the trap. <A thin film of oil can be used to pre- 
vent mosquito breeding in the cistern. 
A third point of importance is that old manure is unfavorable for 
fly breeding. Experiments have shown that after manure has been 
standing on a maggot trap for eight to ten days it is practically free 
from maggots, and no more will appear in it. This means that a 
given lot of manure need remain on the maggot trap for only 10 
days in order to prevent any breeding taking place in it. 
The maggot trap is simple, easily constructed, and cheap. Prac- 
tically the only cost is the initial one for the construction. Very 
little extra labor is required to operate it. Only a few minutes each 
day are necessary to water the manure after the stable cleanings have 
been added to the heap. Cleaning the floor to dispose of the maggots 
and to prevent mosquito breeding will take about half an hour once 
a week. 
That the maggot trap is effective has been shown by the junior 
author’s observations at the Maryland Agricultural College. It was 
found that the trap destroyed 99 per cent of the larve breeding there 
and that the number of flies at the barn and around the college 
kitchen was reduced from 67 to 76 per cent. That the reduction in 
the prevalence of flies was not equal to the percentage of larve de- 
stroyed was ascribed to the fact that several other piles of untreated 
manure were breeding out flies at near-by stables, from which places 
they were attracted to the barn and kitchen. 
Maggot traps may be constructed in almost any size and to suit 
almost any conditions, and appear to be especially adapted to meet 
the problem of fly control under rural conditions. 
TREATMENT OF MISCELLANEOUS BREEDING PLACES. 
It is just as true under farm conditions as in cities that breeding 
places other than horse manure must be attended to. Garbage must 
be disposed of, hog and poultry manure must be cared for, and espe- 
cially on dairy farms it is extremely important that every precaution 
be taken to prevent the contamination of milk by flies. Care and 
cleanliness, combined with some of the arrangements just described, 
will measureably affect the fly nuisance in neighboring buildings. 
SEWAGE DISPOSAL IN RELATION TO THE PREVENTION OF FLY-BORNE DISEASES. 
In the consideration of these measures we have not touched upon 
the remedies for house flies breeding in human excrement. On 
account of the danger of the carriage of typhoid fever, the dropping 
of human excrement in the open in cities or towns, either in vacant 
