HOUSE FLIES. Fit 
lots or in dark alleyways, should be made a misdemeanor, and the 
same care should be taken by the sanitary authorities to remove or 
cover up such depositions as is taken in the removal of the bodies of 
dead animals. For modern methods of sewage disposal adapted for 
farm use one should consult Department Bulletin No. 57, which may 
be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents for 10 cents. In 
the absence of modern methods of sewage disposal absolutely sani- 
tary privies are prime necessities, whether in towns or on farms. 
Directions for the building and caring for such privies will be found 
in Farmers’ Bulletin No. 463. The box privy is always a nuisance. 
from many points of view, and is undoubtedly dangerous as a breeder 
of flies which may carry the germs of intestinal diseases. The dry- 
earth treatment of privies is unsatisfactory. No box privy should ~ 
be permitted to exist unless it is thoroughly and regularly treated 
with some effective larvicide. Since the fecal matter in such privies 
is seldom used for fertilizing purposes it may well be treated liber- 
ally with borax. The powdered borax may be scattered over the 
exposed surface so as to whiten it. An application two or three 
times a week during the fly season ought to prevent all fly breeding 
in such matter. 
WHAT COMMUNITIES CAN DO TO ELIMINATE HOUSE FLIES. 
Antifly crusades have been very numerous in recent years, and 
some have been ncteworthy both as to methods and results. However, 
it will not be amiss here to emphasize the importance of concerted, 
organized effort on the part of whole communities, not only cities, 
but suburban and rural neighborhoods as well. By the most. pains- 
taking care one may prevent all fly breeding on his premises, but it 
will avail him little if his neighbors are not equally careful. Some 
sort of cooperation is necessary. One of the first and most important 
elements in any antifly crusade is a vigorous and continued educa- 
tional campaign. It has been the experience of those who have un- 
dertaken such crusades that people generally regard the fly as a some- 
what harmless nuisance and that the first work of the campaign was 
to bring the people to a realization of the dangers from flies and the 
possibility of getting rid of them. In the educational campaign 
every possible means of publicity can be employed, including news- 
papers, lectures, moving pictures, posters, handbills, cartoons, in- 
struction in schools, ete. 
The antifly crusade is a matter of public interest and should be 
supported by the community as a whole and engineered by the health 
officers. But health officers can do little toward the necessary work 
of inspection and elimination without funds, and therefore the sup- 
port of the campaign must manifest itself in increased appropriations 
