10 FARMERS’ BULLETIN 691. 
by five horses will cover the ground rapidly. In heavy soils, weedy 
fields, alfalfa, or land in which patches of sod occur, the disk harrow 
is required; but in alfalfa it should not be set deep enough to cut off 
the crowns of the plants. The land should be left rough to expose 
as many eggs as possible, and after hard freezing weather it should 
be harrowed to expose any eggs that may have been covered before. 
It is difficult to destroy eggs in buffalo sod. Breaking is not usu- 
ally done deep enough to keep the young from escaping or the slices 
of sod are not left close enough together. No other cultivation can 
be given sod land. Hogs will root out and eat some of the eggs, but 
their use is not practicable for a large area. The egg-infested sod 
should be left until the young have hatched, when they can be killed 
by burning or by one of the other methods recommended for their 
destruction. Scattered clumps of egg-infested grass in turn rows, 
under fences, in abandoned fields, or along roadsides should be 
chopped out before March 1 with a heavy hoe or a spade. 
DESTRUCTION OF THE YOUNG AND ADULTS. 
POISONED BRAN MASH. 
During 1911, 1912, and 1913 a bait of poisoned bran mash was used 
very successfully in Kansas to check outbreaks of native grasshop- 
pers. In 1913 alone more than 1,000 tons were provided at public 
expense in about 20 counties of western Kansas and spread on 
grasshopper-infested land. This bait has been successfully used since 
then against grasshoppers in New York, Canada, California, and 
Florida. 
The proportion and quantities of ingredients that can be most 
easily handled are given in the following formula:? 
i552 dea eRe A gi Pf NE Re abe pounds... 25 
Parisioreen or Whiite arsemtcs: 22. 422 7as-ume a ee eens oe oss: arect 
Granees: or lemions..2 2.24 9=. case. oS - Ae Se ere 6 
Cheap sirup or molasses’)... ee. 7 eet ee quarts.. 2 
Wrarteriepree c's = 2 < cis 3:05 ere aes ae ln: 3 feed a ea gallons.. 73 
Mix the dry bran and poison in a washtub. Add the sirup and 
the juice and finely chopped pulp and peel of the fruit to the water. 
Then pour the water over the mixture of bran and poison, stirring 
to dampen it thoroughly and add as much more water as the bait will 
1The addition of oranges or lemons to the poisoned bran mash was made as a result of the author’s 
work with the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station during 1911. The increased effectiveness of the 
bait when applied broadcast, with the accompanying elimination of the danger to poultry and live 
stock, was also established at this time. 
2Three gallons of water may be sufficient for 25 pounds of bran where it is to be used in a humid 
climate; but in the semiarid region at least 4 gallons must be used, otherwise the bait dries too rapidly 
to give the maximum efficiency. When it is scattered the bait should carry all of the moisture it can 
without losing any. Whether or not 3 gallons of water is sufficient for 25 pounds can be readily deter- 
mined by adding that much water to 25 pounds of bran. In Kansas there would be no difficulty in 
adding 4 gallons, if half a gallon of sirup is used. The writer would add 4} gallons of water. It is difficult 
to believe that bran will hold so much water until one has seen the fact demonstrated. 
