6 FARMERS’ BULLETIN 101. 
mass, turning a complete somersault, so that it lies on its back, bound 
down by the fillet. It then twists around and stands upon its feet, 
having its neck under a sort of yoke. It makes the yoke into a com- 
plete collar, adding bits to each end until the circle is complete. 
Then row after row of fragments is added until the case becomes a 
hollow cylinder. One end is then closed up, and the inside lined 
with a tough coating of silk, the case being then extended upright 
and fastened at one end. When it is fully completed, the larva 
crawls away with the case carried upright like a cap on the up- 
turned end of its body. 
Figure 5, a—c, shows stages in the construction of the case and d a 
completed case made by the young larva, tightly appressed to the 
flat surface, the larva 
being concealed within. 
Such bags may fre- 
quently be found on 
leaves, and are quite 
puzzling to the unin- 
itiated until the larva 
pokes out its head and 
slowly walks off. 
As the caterpillar 
grows, the case is con- 
stantly enlarged, bits 
of twigs and any other 
small objects being 
used to ornament the 
outside, and these ob- 
jects will vary with 
Fic 6.—Bagworm at (a, b,c) successive stages of growth. the kind of tree upon 
c, Male bag; d, female bag, About natural size. (From 2 é 
Howard.) which the caterpillar 
is feeding. While the 
larva is small, it carries its case erect, but when it is larger the case 
hangs down (see fig. 1). The larval skin is cast four times, and dur- 
ing the molting the mouth of the bag is kept closed with silk. There 
is a small opening in the extremity of the bag through which excre- 
ment and cast skins are pushed. The male bags reach a length of 
about an inch, while those of the female are much larger. 
Toward the end of August, about Washington, D. C., the larva 
completes its growth, attaches its bag firmly by a silken band to a 
twig, strengthens it inside with an additional layer of silk, and 
within this retreat, which now becomes its cocoon, transforms to pupa 
with its head downward. 
The pupal period lasts about three weeks, and then the adult 
emerges. The male chrysalis works its way out of the lower opening, 
