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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
FARMERS’ 
BULLETIN 
Wasuincton, D.C. TZ Aprin 26, 1916 
Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology, L. O. Howard, Chief. 
THE OYSTER-SHELL SCALE' AND THE SCURFY SCALE.’ 
By A. L. Quaintance, In Charge of Deciduous Fruit Insect Investigations, and BE. R. 
SasscEr, Collaborator. 
CONTENTS. 
Page. Page. 
UU CCI GAOL = ope ee tees Se ene eee 1 | The scurfy scale—Continued. 
Mhowysuer-shuell scale: 22.622. t sy... s 2. sees 2 Hood plants. 2.222 so ee ewe eee 8 
Origin and distribution..............-..- 2 Parasitic and predaceous enemies.....-- 9 
Description and life history.............. 2 | Methods of control for both species. .......-- a) 
Mennsfof distribution — +.224.2 2224.22. -< 4 reat monivol OrChards-<se sss see tee 
Hooulyolariise 148.0)... eae bw. oe eee oiler 5 Treatment of shade trees..............-- 11 
Parasitic and predaceous enemies -.....- 6 Treatment of currants, gooseberries, orna- 
PBhemcunrbyascale.ts- 225 {22k 253 ese Loe. 6 mental shrubs, and other low-growing 
Life history and habits. .........-....... a HANES SSeS iyo aos nce ine Se ne meee ees 11 
PMS ERUDU MON Pine creed oncticie oar enone = 8 PDEA V ODER AS 8) soe ae ee Wee ck: SEE 11 
INTRODUCTION. 
The oyster-shell scale ' and the scurfy scale ? are, with the exception 
of the San Jose or Chinese scale,? more frequently the subject of 
Fic. 1.—Oyster-shell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi) on poplar. Much enlarged. (Authors? illustration.) 
inquiry by orchardists than all other species of scale insects com- 
bined. These two scale pests are now very generally distributed 
1 Lepidosaphes ulmi L. 2 Chionaspis furfura Fitch, 3 Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst. 
28073°—Bull, 723—16 
