4 FARMERS’ BULLETIN 723. 
West Virginia: In specimens received April 30, 1908, from Parkersburg, W. Va., 
young were crawling in numbers (Sasscer). 
Missouri (Wright County): Eggs hatch early in May. Insect double brooded 
according to a Mr. Wright (Riley). 
Olden, Mo., eggs hatched March 29, 1907; apple trees bloomed March 24 (Girault). 
Ozark region, Missouri, eggs hatch about April 25 to middle of May (Taylor). 
Tilinois (Cook County): Eggs hatch about June 6, females reach full growth by 
August 1, and oviposit August 12-28 (Riley). 
District of Columbia: Eggs hatch May 5-14 (Quaintance). 
July 4, eggs already deposited by most females and young crawling (Quaintance). 
Maryland: Eggs hatch early in May (Symons). 
Eggs of first brood hatch in May; eggs of second brood hatch in last week of July to 
first week of August (Johnson). 
College Park, many recently settled scales in evidence May 21 (8S, W. Foster). 
Delaware: Eggs usually hatch in early May (Houghton). 
New Jersey: Eggs hatch during early June (Smith). 
Tennessee: In eastern Tennessee eggs hatch during first two weeks of April (Cham- 
bliss). 
Eggs begin to hatch in April and those of the second brood along in July and August 
(Bentley). 
This information as to the period of hatching of eggs in various 
parts of the country is of importance as bearing on the time to spray 
for the destruction of the young larve. 
The female molts twice in the course of her growth, and in the 
adult condition is entirely without legs or eyes, being nothing more 
than a reproductive sack with her sucking mouth parts, through 
which the food is taken, inserted in the tissues of the plant. The 
adult male differs radically from the female in that it is provided 
with antenne and one pair of wings, the second pair bemg present 
in the form of club-shaped organs known as balancers or halteres. 
During the process of change the mouth parts entirely disappear, and 
a second pair of rudimentary eyes assumes their place. Being with- 
out any means of taking in food, the male is naturally very short 
lived, its only mission appearing to be the fertilization of the female. 
MEANS OF DISTRIBUTION. 
Transportation by nursery stock, scions, or grafting or budding 
material is perhaps the only way this insect is carried from one section 
of the country to another, and this in a large measure accounts for its 
wide distribution. Locally it can be transferred from plant to plant 
only while in the young or crawling stage. The young are often seen 
crawling on other insects, such as beetles, or upon the feet of birds, 
and may in this way be carried some distance. Man and domestic 
animals may also assist in their dissemination, and it 1s possible that 
the winds blow them from plant to plant. 
