THE OYSTER-SHELL SCALE AND THE SCURFY SCALE. 11 
In spraying for the young imsects when the trees are in foliage, the 
presence of the foliage will render thorough work more difficult, and 
special care will be necessary to reach all limbs and branches, treat- 
ing every portion of the tree from top to bottom, as only those insects 
actually hit are destroyed. Dilute lime-sulphur wash, as used for 
fungicidal purposes, while of considerable value in destroying the 
newly hatched insects, is not as effective as kerosene emulsion or 
fish-oil soap wash, later mentioned under the head of formulas. 
TREATMENT OF SHADE TREES. 
The oyster-shell scale will often require treatment on maples, 
Lombardy and Carolina poplais, ash, and willow. Such trees should 
be sprayed with the strong lime-sulphur wash during the dormant 
period as advised for fruit trees, and if the insects have not been 
satisfactorily controlled, a supplemental treatment with kerosene 
emulsion or fish-oil soap wash should be made as the young are 
hatching. Effective spraying of shade trees, where these are of some 
size, will require painstaking work. In many cases it will be neces- 
sary for the man handling the nozzle to climb into the trees to reach 
the higher limbs and branches, and a long extension or bamboo rod is 
indispensable. ‘The length of hose must be adapted to the height of 
the trees to be treated, and a coarse nozzle will be preferable, since it 
enables the operator to throw the spray some distance to inaccessible 
branches. A high pressure pump, from 150 to 200 pounds, is essen- 
tial, though the writers have seen good work accomplished with an 
ordinary barrel outfit. 
TREATMENT OF CURRANTS, GOOSEBERRIES, ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS, AND OTHER LOW- 
GROWING PLANTS. 
After proper pruning, shrubs and bushes infested with these two 
scale pests should be thoroughly sprayed during the dormant period 
with the strong lme-sulphur wash as indicated for orchard and 
shade trees. If desirable, a supplemental treatment may be made 
as the young are hatching, as already indicated. A knapsack or 
bucket pump will be suitable for treating a few plants in yards, 
though if the amount of spraying to be done is considerable, a barrel 
pump would be preferable. Where infested yard plants are growing 
close to the wall of the building, this may be protected during the 
operation of spraying by a piece of tarpaulin, or other heavy cloth, 
or even waste paper. 
SPRAY FORMULAS. 
KEROSENE EMULSION (STOCK SOLUTION, 66 PER CENT OTL). 
Kerosene emulsion is made after the following formula: 
iRerosenescomba, darn, oil)... J¥geo.s esc av- 5-02 gallons... 2 
Fish oil or laundry soap (or 1 ee BOMGBO aR). 22 tee es eo. pound... 4 
A eee ee ee ene SA TE Mer) Oe lng eet ae nT ee eallon.. 1] 
