THE OYSTER-SHELL SCALE AND THE SCURFY SCALE. 1 
LIME-SULPHUR WASH. 
A good lime-sulpbur wash may be made for immediate use by the 
following formula: 
S RETEE 2: (OCR 2-94 esteem: SAS a «2 Op pounds.. 20 
Saute BOMn Or OWENS) 428. 4) c een a bk baie eas es dons. 15 
“WY uit SUB Gy SWE eres Sete ea eee 12 ic PR eee eee! gallons.. 50 
Heat in a cooking barrel or vessel about one-third of the total 
quantity of water required. When the water is hot add all the lime 
and at once add all the sulphur, which previously should have been 
made into a thick paste with water. After the lime has slaked, about 
another third of the water should be added, preferably hot, and the 
cooking should be continued for one hour, when the final dilution may 
be made, using either hot or cold water, as is most convenient. The 
boiling due to the slaking of the lime thoroughly mixes the ingre- 
dients at the start, but subsequent stirring is necessary if the wash is 
cooked by direct heat in kettles. If cooked by steam, no stirring 
will be necessary. After the wash has been prepared it must be well 
strained as it is being run into the spray tank. It may be cooked in 
large kettles, or preferably by steam in barrels or tanks. This wash 
should be applied promptly after preparation, since, as made by this 
formula, there is crystallization of the sulphur and hardening of the 
sediment upon cooling. While an excess of lime, as in the above 
formula, adds nothing to the effectiveness of the wash, it serves by 
its color to indicate how thoroughly the trees are being coated. 
Another formula, with just sufficient lime for union with the sulphur, 
is employed by many orchardists in the preparation of the wash for 
immediate use as follows: 
pene lime! ss. . oe BaP. . eee. eas pounds... 74 
Snr (MOMETS OF NGUN) oon e aa-)- ccs sels +o estes oman oe os doe. -./ 15 
icine RiOMUntalkce cae arse sets see et at eee bo hy fea SY gallons.. 50 
This is prepared as already indicated. While this wash may be 
stored without injury, it is better to prepare the ‘concentrate,’ as 
later described, if it is to be stored. 
COMMERCIAL LIME-SULPHUR CONCENTRATES. 
The inconvenience experienced in preparing the lime-sulphur wash 
according to the foregoing formula by cooking with steam or in open 
kettles at home has been one of the principal objections to this spray. 
Manufacturers have, therefore, put on the market concentrated solu- 
tions of lime-sulphur which have only to be diluted with water for 
use. These commercial washes, if used at proper strength, have 
proved to be quite as satisfactory in controlling the scale as the old- 
formula lime-sulphur wash, and, although somewhat more expensive, 
have been adopted by many of the commercial orchardists in prefer- 
