THE TRUE ARMY WORM AND ITS CONTROL. : 4. 
skin or covering is smooth and tough, and the pupa is unable to move 
any portion of its body excepting its tail, which it wriggles vigorously 
upon being disturbed. If the soil in which the pupz are resting be 
lightly cultivated during this time and the pupe thrown to the sur- 
face, most of them will be killed by exposure to the weather, crushed 
by the cultivating implements, or eaten during the day by birds or 
at night by skunks which roam the fields and 
consume great quantities of such food. 
THE PARENT OR MOTH STAGE. 
When the moth (figs. 2, @ and 5) crawls forth 
from the pupal case it has not yet developed its 
wings, which are crumpled and folded in pad- 
like masses on each side of its back. It usually 
crawls up the stem of some plant and begins to 
expand its wings, waving them back and forth 
slowly for about an hour, by which time they 
are completely developed and the insect is capa- 
ble of flying. However, if undisturbed, the 5, 4 ne true Sane 
moths will usually remain at rest for several worm: Pupa. En- 
hours before flying away to mate and lay their “78% (O™isinal.) 
egos. It takes from 7 to 8 weeks for the insect to develop from the 
egg to the adult or moth. 
After the moths have expanded their wings they do not grow any 
larger; the-small moths are not the young of larger moths, but the 
os ih ‘A 
( ut Nn W “| 
Tic. 5._—The true army worm: Parent or moth. Enlarged. (Original.) 
male moth or parent of the army worm is usually considerably 
smaller than the female. 
The army worm moth is strongly attracted to lights at night and 
frequently swarms of these moths are seen about lights out of doors 
shortly before an outbreak of the army worm. Farmers would 
