‘(WHITE ANTS’’ AS PESTS IN THE UNITED STATES. 5 
and the geographical locality, usually occurring in the spring or fall. 
There are often several swarms from the same nest, sometimes as 
many as four separate swarms, extending over a period of one month. 
In infested buildings the winged males and females usually swarm a 
month or more earlier than outdoors, and the more common species * 
was observed to swarm as early as the middle of February in infested 
buildings in Washington, D. C. Numerous urgent requests are re- 
ceived by the Department of Agriculture for information in regard to 
these ‘‘flying ants” in buildings. 
Fic. 4.—Mature ‘‘king”’ of normal form Fic. 5.—True ‘queen’ of the white ant 
of the white ant known as Leucotermes Leucotermes flavipes, with wing stubs and 
flavipes; several years of age. Ether- chestnut-colored hard parts. Etherized 
ized specimen, enlarged six times. specimen, enlarged six times. (Author’s 
(Author’s illustration.) illustration.) 
DAMAGE TO WOODWORK OF BUILDINGS AND TO OTHER TIMBER. 
Damage to foundation timbers, flooring in basements, and other 
woodwork of buildings,’ both in rural regions and in large cities, is 
common and often serious in the southern portions of the United 
States, especially in the South Atlantic and Gulf States. Injury of 
this type, however, has been recorded as far north as Manchester, 
N. H., and the shores of the Great Lakes (Benton Harbor, Mich.). 
White ants live in wood which is in contact with, or can be reached 
from, the ground. The workers are able to travel comparatively 
long distances through subterranean galleries in search of wood and 
1 Leucotermes flavipes Ixollar. 
2 Such injury in the Gulf States, Southwestern States, and California is caused also by Calotermes spp. 
(fig. 7) andin Florida by Cryptotermes cavifrons Banks. 
