PHIDS are small, delicate, winged or wingless insects 
which feed upon plant juices, draining them from the 
foliage, fruit, twigs, or roots, through a beak pushed into 
the plant tissues. 
Many kinds injure orchard fruits, currant, gooseberry, 
and grape. The most important are discussed in this 
bulletin. . 
Contact sprays, such as kerosene. emulsion, soap washes, 
nicotine solutions, etc., must be used to kill aphids. Directions 
for preparing and applying them will be found on pages 39-45. 
Stomach poisons, such as arsenate of lead, Paris green, 
and other arsenicals, are of no use against aphids. 
Species which winter in the egg stage on the plants to be 
protected may be sprayed early in the spring as the buds are 
expanding, to kill the first brood and insure against injury 
later in the season. 
Leaf-curling species, especially, should be treated with 
this bud spray in years when they are expected to be abundant. 
They can not be reached satisfactorily after the leaves have 
unfolded and the aphids have begun to be troublesome. 
Those species which do not curl the leaves may be controlled 
readily by sprays when they are noted as becoming numerous. 
Annual bud spraying in the case of the apple appears to 
be good orchard practice and, continued for a series of years, 
doubtless would prove profitable. 
