Aphids Injurious to Orchard Frutts, Ete. 5 
often seen attending the aphids or frequenting plants infested by 
them. The ants of themselves are not usually the cause of trouble 
but merely denote the presence of the aphids. 
Since frequent reference must be made in the following pages to 
the different stages and forms of aphids, information concerning 
_ these is presented in summary form as far as present purposes require: 
Winter eggs.—These are small, oval, and blackish, and occur on 
the twigs, around buds, under scales of bark, or elsewhere on the 
shoots or branches of the winter host plant. 
Stem-mothers.—The aphids hatching from the winter eggs. They 
are the progenitors of the numerous generations which follow during 
the succeeding spring, summer, and fall. 
Wingless viiparous females—Wingless aphids which give birth 
to living young without the intervention of males. 
Winged viviparous females or migrants.—Winged aphids which 
give birth to living young without the intervention of males and 
which migrate to other plants, establishing new colonies. Spring 
migrants and fall migrants are often to be distinguished. 
The true sexes.—Males and sexual females are usually developed 
in the fall from the viviparous forms, the female depositing eggs to 
carry the species over the winter. 
APPLE APHIDS. 
Three or four species of aphids commonly attack the fruit and 
foliage of the apple, while a few more, which at present are of minor 
importance, are known to infest this plant. Theimportant species to 
be considered are the rosy aphis, the green apple aphis, the woolly 
apple aphis, the apple-grain aphis, and the clover aphis. 
THE ROSY APHIS.! 
The rosy aphis infests especially the foliage surrounding the blos- 
som or fruit clusters, and causes the leaves to curl badly. (PI. I, A; 
-illustration on title page.) The insects when abundant also infest 
the fruit stalks and newly set fruit. The little apples on the infested 
fruit spurs often fail to thin out, remain small, and as the season 
progresses become knotty and distorted according to the degree of 
infestation. (Pl. I, B.) In the fall these “‘aphis apples’ (fig. 1) 
may be much in evidence, especially on the lower parts of the tree, 
during worst aphid seasons amounting to from 15 to 30 per cent of 
the crop. This species is very generally present in the apple-growing 
portions of the country and is at present the most important aphid 
pest attacking the foliage and fruit of this crop. On very young 
trees the feeding habits differ somewhat in that in addition to the 
foliage the aphids may attack the young shoots, causing these as 
they grow to become curled and twisted (fig. 2), resulting in perma- 
nent deformities which in pruning must be cut out in order that a 
. properly formed tree may be produced. 
1 Anuraphis roseus Baker. 
