Parasites and Parasitic Diseases of Sheep. 25 
which little care is exercised in disposing of 
the viscera and of diseased portions of car- 
casses. 
Symptoms and lesions.—Light infesta- 
tions with these bladderworms seem to do 
very little damage. Severe infestations, 
such as a sheep would get by eating grass 
that had an entire segment full of eggs on 
it, will make a sheep very sick and may kill 
it. Under these conditions sheep usually 
die at a rather early stage of the disease, 
and at a time when the embryos are wan- 
dering around in the liver, the immediate 
cause of death being hemorrhage from the 
liver, or peritonitis. Post-mortem exami- 
nation under these conditions would seldom 
be sufficiently minute to reveal the exact 
cause of the trouble, and it would seldom be 
charged to the account of this parasite. 
On post-mortem examination the bladder- 
worms are usually readily observed in the 
mesenteries or omenta, or in earlier stages, 
in the liver. When the liver has just re- 
cently been invaded, the presence of the 
parasite is usually indicated by serpentine 
markings showing the course of the wan- 
derings of the young worms. 
Treatment.—There is no treatment for 
infestation with the bladderworm in sheep. 
Dogs should be kept free from tape- 
worms of any sort, including the one re- 
sponsible for this bladderworm in sheep. 
For removing these tapeworms, fast the dog 
from noon of one day until the following 
morning and then give one of the following 
treatments: 
Oleoresin of male fern.—The dose for dogs 
is 15 minims to 1 dram (a quarter of a tea- 
spoonful to a teaspoonful), according to 
size. This may be given in capsules and fol- 
lowed immediately by an ounce of castor oil. 
Areca nut.—This may be given in the 
same amounts as the oleoresin of male fern, 
and will usually not need a purgative, as 
184550°—20——+4 
Fic. 16.—Tapeworm (Tenia 
hydatigena) of dog, devel- 
oped from thin-necked blad- 
derworm of sheep. About 
natural size, (From Stiles, 
1898.) 
