Parasites and Parasitic Diseases of Sheep. 29 
localities to which sheep have been shipped from infested regions. 
Occasionally cases are imported from Europe. Outside the United 
States the disease is known to occur in England, Scotland, Ireland, 
France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Italy, Sardinia, Switzerland, 
Greece, Spain, Holland, Denmark, Iceland, Shetland, Morocco, Cape 
Colony, German Southwest Africa, South Australia, New Zealand, 
Argentina, Chile, and Canada. 
Symptoms and lesions.—At the time that the young worm gets to 
the brain there are usually slight symptoms of fever and _ restless- 
ness, which are easily overlooked. 
If the sheep dies at this time, as a 
result of severe infestation, an 
examination of the brain will show 
a number of curving channels on its 
surface. Asa rule the symptoms of 
this stage abate and there is no fur- 
ther indication of the presence of 
the parasite until it has grown to 
the point where the heads form. 
This will take place about the sev- 
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enth or eighth month after infec- ea 
tion. The head of the worm can be ee 
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evaginated from the bottom of its be : 
tubular neck, just as a glove finger 
may be turned inside out, and this 
brings its hooks and suckers into 
contact with the brain. From this 
irritation and from the pressure of 
the growing bladderworm there 
arise the very striking symptoms in- 
dicative of gid. Affected sheep very 
commonly walk in a circle, turning 
toward the side corresponding to 
the affected portion of the brain Fic. 19. Tapeworm stage of Multiceps 
when the parasite is on the surface muliicons in dog. Actual size. (From 
of the cerebrum. When the parasite Pere Oa 
is located at other points the symptoms are somewhat different. 
In these cases sheep may walk with the head held high and may 
step high, or with the head held low and with a stumbling gait, or 
may show other odd symptoms in the way of unusual locomotion. 
Such animals gradually lose interest in food and water and finally 
cease eating or drinking. In consequence they become very much 
emaciated. They nray move about continuously or stop at times and 
gaze fixedly at nothing in particular. They are difficult or impos- 
sible to herd and tend to lag behind the flock or become lost. The 
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