‘ 
Parasites and Parasitic Diseases of Sheep. 51 
Symptoms and lesions.—The worms and their eggs and larve set 
up an irritation of the lung tissue at the point where they are located, 
_causing inflammation and a catarrhal condition, the latter manifested 
in the production of a frothy mucus, sometimes containing traces of 
blood. Bacterial infection of the weakened lung tissue may follow, 
and the lungs may show pus and consolidated areas. Usually the 
latter conditions are not present. The symptom first noted is a husky 
cough, and if the invasion is extensive this may be followed by diffi- 
culty in breathing. If left alone some animals are likely to die of 
weakness or suffocation. The disease may be diagnosed from the 
clinical symptoms by an experienced veterinarian or stockman: who 
is familiar with it; the diagnosis may be confirmed by a microscopic 
examination of the saliva from the back of the tongue or from the 
pharynx, though occasionally one may not find larvee, especially in 
recent infections, in spite of the presence of worms in the lungs. 
On post-mortem the lungs show inflamed patches, and the worms can 
be found in the air passages. 
Treatment.—Most of the treatments by intratracheal injections 
that have been used for lungworm disease of cattle are not very satis- 
factory and are rather dangerous to sheep. A treatment which has 
been used on a large number of animals with reports of satisfactory 
results consists in injecting chloroform in 3-mil doses (about three- 
fourths of a teaspoonful) into the nostrils of the sheep by means of 
a medicine dropper, the head of the sheep being tilted back. The nos- 
trils of the sheep are then held with the fingers until the animal is 
somewhat groggy. ‘This treatment may be repeated-at intervals of 
three to five days, if necessary, for a total of not more than three 
doses. It is recommended that a dose of Epsom or Glauber’s salt be 
given two hours after the treatment. 
Nursing treatment is always advisable in this disease. Sheep 
should be taken off wet pasture and placed on high, dry pasture or 
put up and fed dry feed. A safe supply of drinking water and 
plenty of good feed are of value in tiding the sheep over the critical 
stages of the disease and allowing the worms to die out. 
Prevention.—The same general rules that apply in the case of the 
stomach worm apply here. Sanitation and pasture rotation, isola- 
tion of infested animals, and special precautions in regard to the 
pasturing and watering of lambs and young animals are all measures 
of value. 
THE HAIR LUNGWoRM.”° 
Location.—These worms occur in the small bronchioles and in the 
lung tissue. 
23 Synthetocaulus rufescens. Synonym, Strongylus rufescens 
{ yi ym, gy cens, 
