8 Farmers’ Bulletin 1169. 
of the trees while they are being trimmed, to ascertain the presence 
or absence of their customary insect enemies and their abundance 
or scarcity, is good practice and should lead to discovery of many 
of the insects that are, or in course of the following summer will be, 
giving trouble. Especially is this true when the warden and his 
help are familiar with the principal types of shade-tree insects and 
their more important habits and forms. 
TREE “DOCTORS ” OR SURGEONS. 
The work of the experts on tree pests in the State and Federal 
Government services is limited to the study of the causative organ- 
isms, the discovery and determination of practical methods of con- 
trolling them, and the publication of these for general information. 
The actual work of controlling the pest is thus left to the individual 
or community, and the limited knowledge of the causes of tree 
troubles possessed by the general public and the frequent necessity 
of using rather costly spraying outfits for the control of insects and 
diseases has created a call for the private enterprise of experts. This 
requires a knowledge on the part of the expert of the fundamental 
facts of economic entomology and particularly of the more common 
injurious insects to be encountered on the trees and the remedies for 
them as established by the experts in the Government service. His 
knowledge must, of course, be coupled with integrity, and he must 
be equipped with adequate spraying and other outfits. 
THE CITY OR COMMUNITY ENTOMOLOGIST. 
The extension of tree, shrubbery, flower, and vegetable planting in 
and around cities, both in private yards and along highways, with the 
attendant insect problems on the one hand and the numerous health 
and sanitation questions in which household and other insects enter 
as a vital link in the transmission of disease, point to the advisability 
for such communities of engaging specialists—entomologists they are 
ealled—to look after their individual and collective insect problems. 
The services of such specialists would more than pay for the outlay 
in the improved health of the citizens and their surroundings, and 
especially in the prevention of insect-borne epidemics, like malaria, 
typhoid fever, etc., as well as defoliation and other destruction of 
plant life. 
STATE AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HELP. 
Every State and Territory in the Union maintains a staff of com- 
petent entomologists glad to assist every citizen in the struggle with 
insects. The Federal Government does likewise. All inquiries on 
insects receive ready, intelligent, scientific attention at the hands of 
these officers, and the information furnished is as complete and accu- 
es. 
