492 Farmers’ Bulletin 1169. 
main limbs. In the spring and summer, leaves partly or entirely 
eaten by the caterpillars are in evidence. These caterpillars when 
full grown are more than an inch in length, with red head, three long 
black plumes at the extremities of the body, and four yellow, brush- 
like tufts with two red spots behind them on the back (fig. 24, a). 
Cocoons and egg masses (fig. 24,7, #) occur on the bark of the trunk, 
O HEIDEMAN SC 
Fig, 24.—White-marked tussock moth: a, Larva; b, female pupa; c, male pupa; 
d, e, male moth; f, female moth; g, same ovipositing; h, egg mass; i, male 
cocoons; k, female cocoons, with moths warrying eggs. All slightly enlarged 
(Howard. ) 
branches, and occasional leaves in localities where more than one 
generation is produced annually. 
Seasonal history and habits-—From the overwintered eggs the 
caterpillars hatch in April and May and immediately begin to skele- 
tonize the leaves, later eating holes through them, and finally devour- 
ing all but the main veins. Often they may be observed swinging 
from the tree on a silken thread, and, when caught by wind or pass- 
ing objects, are transported to other trees. They remain as cater- 
pillars from a month to five weeks, shedding the skin five times in 
